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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard (HP) on Friday announced that it is keeping the webOS software alive by contributing it to the open source community.The company said it will make the underlying code of webOS available under an open source license and will engage the open source community to help define the charter of the open source project."WebOS is the only platform designed from the ground up to be mobile, cloud-connected and scalable," Meg Whitman, HP's chief executive officer, said in a statement."By contributing this innovation, HP unleashes the creativity of the open source community to advance a new generation of applications and devices," she added.HP said it will remain active in the development and support of webOS, while the source code will be available for use and improvement by anyone choosing to download it, which means other hardware manufacturers can also use the software.With the help of the open source community, HP can save development and other costs and the new announcement is expected to result in more layoffs from its webOS team, some analysts noted.The webOS is a mobile operating system initially developed by Palm which was acquired by HP last April for 1.2 billion U.S. dollars.In February this year, HP released TouchPad, its first tablet computer which runs the webOS operating system. The device didn't sell well, and HP in August decided to completely shut down webOS hardware business, including TouchPad and webOS phones.HP then said that it will continue to explore options to optimize the value of webOS software going forward.By keeping the software open source, users of webOS devices will continue to receive software improvements and updates in the future, HP noted."As webOS gains traction as an open source alternative in the marketplace, you could see webOS on several different types of devices by any number of vendors. We will explore the viability of putting webOS on devices, just as we do for other leading operating systems," the company said in a corporate blog post.

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Global AIDS deaths and new HIV infections have each dropped 21 percent since the peak of the AIDS pandemic in 1997, according to a UN report released Monday.One major factor responsible for the result is that life-saving HIV treatments have become more popular and got to 1.35 million more people in 2010 than in 2009.In middle-income and underdeveloped nations, these treatments have saved 2.5 million lives since 1995."We have seen a massive scale-up in access to HIV treatment, which has had a dramatic effect on the lives of people everywhere," said Michel Sidibe, executive director of the U.N. AIDS program.However, 53 percent of people who need HIV/AIDS treatments -- about 7.6 million people -- cannot get them, which accounted for 1.8 million AIDS deaths in 2010.There are now 34 million people living with HIV. And just in last year there were 2.7 million new infections.The decline in deaths and new infections means the AIDS pandemic is at a turning point, the UNAIDS report argues, adding smart investment can save millions of future deaths.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- An organizer of the World Stem Cell Summit says one of the key problems medical researchers face these days is how to apply their findings in the real world."How do you take the phenomenal scientific research going on in labs and translate it into medical treatments,?" said Bernie Siegel, the founder and co-chair of the summit and executive director of the Genetic Policy Institute, which organized the event."It's a big job to do this, and more than just the science," Siegel said, noting that in a growing field now moving beyond basic lab research, the aim is to connect the people who do the work with those who finance it.The three-day summit, which opened Monday in Pasadena, features more than 150 top international speakers and 50 hours of programming with leaders from science, pharmaceutics, business, policy, ethics, law and other fields.The cell therapy industry, a "nascent" field, has emerged to be a potentially multi-billion business with unlimited potential, Siegel said.Stephen Dalton, a University of Georgia professor, reported that one of the biggest developments in stem cell research in the past year was the realization that cells can be transdifferentiated from one state to another without returning to a pluripotent state.Dalton said the principle was previously supported by a few isolated examples but it was not until 2010 that the idea was widely accepted.Mark Sussman, a professor from San Diego State University, called the identification of lung stem cells from human tissue samples capable of regenerating the highly complex and specialized structures of mature lungs a breakthrough in lung biology and regenerative medicine.He said results presented by the Anversa group in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrate that human lung stem cells can be expanded in vitro and also retain the capacity to integrate into adult tissue upon introduction into mice.The study, Sussman said, has opened up an entirely new field of possibilities for lung regeneration and potential therapeutic applications for many conditions where treatment options are either very limited or nonexistent.

SEOUL, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- Samsung Electronics, the world's second-largest manufacturer of mobile phones, said Monday that it launched its latest smart mobile gadget Galaxy Note in South Korea in a bid to take the lead in a new phase of the mobile phone market.The Galaxy Note, which was first introduced in September at IFA 2011, the consumer electronics fair held in Berlin, was Samsung's latest Galaxy lineup, combining the portability of a smartphone with the larger screen of a tablet computer, according to Samsung.The device ensured portability and grip with 9.65-millimeter thin, 182 grams in weight and a rounded back design, while featuring a 5.3-inch super active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display.The function of "S Pen," or a digital pen, was added to the device in a bid to enable users to draw, paint and crop images by writing on the screen, Samsung said.Featuring Android's 2.3 Gingerbread platform, the gadget was powered by a 1.5-gigahertz dual core processor supplemented with fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) network service."Galaxy Note is a revolutionary product opening a new category in the market. It will deliver a whole new mobile experience beyond feature phones, smartphones and tablet devices," said Shin Jong-kyun, president and head of Samsung's mobile communications business.In addition, Samsung launched Galaxy Nexus, the world's first smartphone running Android's 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. The latest Android operating system (OS) combined the benefits of smartphones and tablet computers, according to Samsung.The smartphone, which was first introduced in Hong Kong last month, offered quicker multi-tasking and faster web browsing than previous models, while the near-field communication (NFC) function allowed users to easily share contents with other users by tapping their devices together, Samsung said.With the updated Ice Cream Sandwich, the Galaxy Nexus offered facial recognition technology, which unlocks the phone by identifying the user's face.

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