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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The topic of voter fraud has been in the spotlight more than usual this election cycle, with President Donald Trump encouraging supporters to volunteer as poll watchers and tweeting about election-related fraud at least eight times in the last week.There are several categories of voter fraud, including ineligible voting by non-citizens or felons; or double voting, when someone illegally casts more than one ballot.Voter fraud is cheating by voters themselves, which is distinct from other forms of election malfeasance, and there have been dozens of studies aimed at measuring it over the last few years.There are essentially two types of academic research on voter fraud: studies that examine documented cases of voter fraud, such as ones mentioned in news articles or criminal prosecutions; and studies that try to predict how much fraud might be going undetected, using advanced statistics and artificial intelligence techniques.Pam Smith, the former president of the non-partisan Verified Voting Foundation, summarizes the research on documented voter fraud this way: “There's an infinitesimal amount of voter fraud where a voter is intentionally doing something fraudulent.”A 2007 study by the Brennan Center at New York University calculated the rate of voter fraud in three elections in the early 2000s at between 0.0003% to 0.0025%.The odds of being struck by lightning in a given year is 0.0002%.The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, keeps a database of known cases of voter fraud. It now has 1,298 examples.The examples date back to 1982 and cover both presidential and off-year contests. There were more than 1 billion votes cast in presidential contests alone during that span.But those are the known cases. What about undetected cases of voter fraud?This is an area of study called election forensics, where researchers use advanced statistics and machine learning to estimate irregularities.One study by researchers at Harvard and Stanford universities looked at voter registration data in the 2012 election and used algorithms to estimate that the maximum amount of double voting was .02%, or 1 out of every 4,000 ballots.But the researchers also showed that most, if not all, of these possible double votes, could have actually been innocent clerical errors. The researchers audited poll books in Philadelphia and found a 1% error rate; an error rate of 1.3% would be enough to explain all of the irregularities.There are other kinds of fraud, called election fraud, like the illegal ballot harvesting in North Carolina’s 9th District in 2018. But Smith, of Verified Voting, said those cases are actually easier to catch because they typically involve multiple people.In the very rare cases when they do happen, judges can order an election re-do.“Fraud on any kind of massive scale, as we've heard talked about, that doesn't happen,” Smith said. “And there are safeguards and guardrails in place to prevent it.”Smith said California’s guardrails include pre-election testing of voting machines and other equipment and audits after the election.California voters can also sign up for a free tool called “Where’s My Ballot?” The service will send automated alerts the moment your ballot is received and counted. 3270

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Trump Administration has declared success after a night of military strikes in Syria meant to cripple the country's ability to use chemical weapons.In San Diego, there are mixed emotions to the news.Some argue the strikes should never have happened while others say they didn't go far enough.  330

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The San Diego county Sheriff’s Department is investigating after a man died following what was believed to be a fight at Pala Casino early Saturday morning.According to the department, the man was taken to the hospital by ambulance from the 4700 block of Highway 76. He was pronounced dead just before 8 a.m.After an initial investigation, the department believes he was in a fight with another man in the parking lot of Pala Casino around 6:30 a.m.The department’s homicide unit is investigating, but at this time, no further details or identities of the victim or suspect have been released. 621

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The threat of coronavirus still is looming and combined with a new problem of bad air quality from west coast wildfires, means there are now more reasons to wear masks, but not all masks will protect against both.The CDC currently recommends the public wear masks with two or more layers over their nose and mouth to stop the spread of COVID-19. In regards to the particulate matter in the air because of wildfire smoke, the cloth coverings are not enough protection.“If you’re wearing a cloth mask for COVID, it doesn’t necessarily mean you’re protected from those microscopic smoke particles that can still be breathed in,” said Robert Reider, Interim Director of the San Diego Air Pollution Control District, or SDAPCD.Reider said the air in Southern California has been some of the worst in the world through the past week. This is because of the multiple wildfires burning in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington. The winds are pulling the smoke south and it’s settling in places like San Diego, creating hazy and unsafe conditions. Reider said the winds are expected to shift around Friday, meaning the haze should clear after that.In the meantime, Sharp Rees-Stealy physician Jyotu Sandhu said N95 masks are the best protection against wildfire smoke. He added that individuals should assess their own health when determining how seriously they need to take the smoke. People with lung or breathing issues like asthma and COPD should be more aware of the smoke.The SDAPCD issued a Wildfire Smoke Advisory because of the impacts. The air quality will range between "moderate" and "unhealthy for sensitive groups" through Thursday. Sandhu said he’s had patients asking if it’s safe to exercise in the smoke. He said if a person is healthy, they can go outside but should consider spending less time outdoors than usual. For example, if a healthy person runs outside for an hour a day, it might be smart to cut that time in half and only run for half an hour in the smoke. He said if possible, exercising indoors is safer than outside while the smoke persists. 2098

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The weather may be gloomy this weekend, but it's still a great chance to get out and enjoy San Diego!Circus Vargas is still in town to provide amazing feats of circus entertainment in the South Bay and Thursday is the last day to take advantage of half-priced admission during San Diego Museum Month.Families will definitely want to check out all the hands-on, educational fun at Petco Park with the annual San Diego Festival of Science & Engineering Expo. The educational experience brings several opportunities to learn about everything that STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) encompasses in a fun, free environment.RELATED: Things to do for free in San Diego CountyThis weekend also heralds the arrival of a couple of March holidays: Mardi Gras and St. Patrick's Day. And San Diego is ready for both with the Gaslamp District's Mardi Gras celebration and El Cajon's St. Patrick's Day half marathon/5K/Green Mile.Here's a look at what's happening around town this weekend:THURSDAYCircus Vargas Where: Westfield Plaza Bonita; Cost: - (Thursday - Sunday) The Big Top is back for another weekend in San Diego as Circus Vargas hits Westfield Plaza Bonita! Acrobats, daredevils, and flying trapeze artists will perform to audiences' delight, recreating circus feats from the past for a new audience.San Diego Museum MonthWhere: Various museums; Cost: Half-priced regular admissionIt's the last day to enjoy half-priced admission at more than 40 local San Diego museums for San Diego Museum Month. And there's something for everyone, whether it's art, history, science, or the seas at participating museums such as the San Diego Natural History Museum, Maritime Museum of San Diego, San Diego Air and Space Museum, and many more.FRIDAY San Diego Yoga FestivalWhere: Imperial Beach: Cost: - 6(Friday - Sunday) Enjoy an epic day of yoga at the beach open to all ages and all skill levels, with nonstop yoga sessions featuring a variety of yoga types like skateboarding yoga, family yoga, yoga in Spanish, and a yoga festival wedding! The festival will also be packed with music, meditation, and food vendors with an array of healthy eats.34th annual Spring Home Garden ShowWhere: Del Mar Fairgrounds; Cost: Free - (Friday - Sunday) The Spring Home Garden Show returns to the Del Mar Fairgrounds, featuring three days of "garden masters" show guests how to transform their homes into amazing landscapes, hands-on demonstrations, and hundreds of home improvement exhibitors and seminars with experts.SATURDAY11th annual San Diego Festival of Science & Engineering ExpoWhere: Petco Park; Cost: FreeThe Biocom Institute Festival of Science and Engineering is a ten-day educational experience including interactive demonstrations, hands-on activities and dynamic speakers to engage kids and families in all that encompasses STEM (science, technology, engineering and math).San Diego Mardi Gras Fat Tuesday CelebrationWhere: Gaslamp District; Cost: Starts at (Friday - Saturday) Mardi Gras gets started early in San Diego's Gaslamp District with 20 parties over the weekend and then for one more night on Fat Tuesday. Tickets get guests access to more than 20 nightclubs, bars, and restaurants, an opening night and finale party, and food and drink specials around downtown.San Diego Undy Run/WalkWhere: Mission Bay Park - De Anza Cove; Cost: Free - Help benefit the Solorectal Cancer Alliance at San Diego Undy Run/Walk in Mission Bay! It's a family-friendly, undy-themed event designed to provide support for patients, survivors, and families affected by colorectal cancer.SUNDAYSt. Patrick's Day Half Marathon, 5K, Green MileWhere: Downtown El Cajon; Cost: - Hit the ground running or walking in El Cajon to ring in St. Patrick's Day early, either in half marathon, 5K, or mile fashion. Runners and walkers work through a scenic course along the city's landmarks, and 5K runners get to tackle a Crossfit-style obstacle course. Hang around for the after race festival for a beer garden, live music, and costume contest!Spring Busker FestivalWhere: Seaport Village; Cost: Free(Saturday - Sunday) The Spring Busker Festival returns to San Diego's Seaport Village, bringing street performers to the seaside venue to showcase their amazing, eye-catching acts like knife throwing, sword swallowing, and juggling tricks for the public. Busker After Dark, an 18-and-over event on Saturday, features more live acts and special food and beverage sales.Sunday Family Fun DayWhere: San Elijo Lagoon Nature Center; Cost: FreeSan Elijo Lagoon Nature Center will host nature-themed crafts and activities for families for free this weekend, spanning topics such as the lagoon's native birds, insects, and flowers. Check out the center's exhibits and trails that explore the terrain! 4832

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