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WELLINGTON, June 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have uncovered an almost complete picture of the remains of a geological formation that was one of the great wonders of the 19th Century world before it was covered in ash and water during a volcanic eruption.Scientists from New Zealand and the United States said Friday they had discovered the White Terraces, half of the famous Pink and White Terraces in the central North Island's Lake Rotomahana.The same group of scientists found the remnants of the pink half of the former world-famous tourist attraction on the lake floor in January.The Pink and White Terraces were buried by the eruption of Mount Tarawera 125 years ago on 10 June 1886. The two sets of cascading silica terraces were separated by several hundred metres.The two formerly glistening terraces were formed on the shores of the lake, where the silica rich waters were warmed by the magma beneath.In the late 19th Century, the cascading terraces attracted people from all over the world. The White Terraces were the larger and stretched to a height of 30 meters, forming a 240-meter face. Visitors could walk up to a crater platform where they could bathe in the clear blue waters in naturally-formed basins up to three meters deep.Project Leader Cornel de Ronde, of New Zealand's GNS Science geosciences research institute, said the sonar images from Lake Rotomahana showed the lake floor was covered overwhelmingly by soft sediment and mud.The side-scan sonar data of the lake floor was collected on the last day of the 10-day project at Lake Rotomahana during the southern summer, but was analyzed using new software, which became available after the data collection had finished.The scientists found the sonar data contained images of hard, crescent-shaped structures on the lake bed in a similar location to where the White Terraces were before the eruption of 1886.The structures were about 60 meters below the surface, a similar depth to the Pink Terraces found in January. The lake is about 122 meters deep at its deepest point."The two places on the lake floor where we encountered hard, up- standing crescent-shaped features correspond to the locations of the Pink and White Terraces before the Tarawera eruption," de Ronde said."The sonar image that appears to show part of the White Terraces came to light after the project had finished. It shows a horizontal segment of terraces over 100 meters long, although we don't know which part of the terraces it is."The rounded terrace edges are standing up from the lake floor by about a meter in some places. The sonar images of both sets of terraces are strikingly similar."Scientists managed to capture several color photographs of part of the Pink Terraces in January, but they did not lower an underwater camera over the White Terraces location during the project as they were unaware of what the sonar data was showing at the time.The fate of the remaining sections of the Pink and White Terraces was unclear, said a statement from GNS. "They might have been destroyed in the eruption. Alternatively, they could be lying under thick sediment, which is impenetrable to sonar signals sent out by the two autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in the survey."De Ronde said finding remnants of both sets of terraces was a remarkable outcome for the project."The project team was absolutely thrilled in January when we realised our AUVs had detected remnants of the Pink Terraces. Finding part of what we believe is the White Terraces as well has been surprising and very satisfying."The original aim of the project at Lake Rotomahana was to map the lake floor and investigate the extensive geothermal system under the lake and how it evolved from an on-land geothermal system to a submerged one. Anything else was a bonus," de Ronde said."It's gratifying to be part of a science project that can answer a century-old mystery about the fate of the Pink and White Terraces."De Ronde said the announcement of the find was timed to coincide with the 125th anniversary of Tarawera's eruption.The 10-day project was a collaboration involving GNS Science, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New York, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Seattle, and New Zealand's University of Waikato.

CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.

New York, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese scientist was presented a prestigious U.S. award on Friday for the discovery of artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world. Pharmacologist Tu Youyou, 81, became the first scientist on the Chinese mainland to win Lasker Award, known as "America's Nobels" for their knack of gaining future recognition by the Nobel committee.Tu, a scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, pioneered a new approach to malaria treatment that has benefited hundreds of millions of people and promises to benefit many times more. By applying modern techniques and rigor to a heritage provided by 5000 years of Chinese traditional practitioners, she has delivered its riches into the 21st century."Not often in the history of clinical medicine can we celebrate a discovery that has eased the pain and distress of hundreds of millions of people and saved the lives of countless numbers of people, particularly children, in over 100 countries," Lucy Shapiro, a member of the award jury and professor of Stanford University, said while describing Tu' s discovery.Shapiro said the discovery, chemical identification, and validation of artemisinin, a highly effective anti-malarial drug, is largely due to the "scientific insight, vision and dogged determination" of Professor Tu and her team. She thought Professor Tu's work has provided the world with arguably the most important pharmaceutical intervention in the last half century."The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine," Tu said while receiving the award. "Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will, without doubt, bring more medicines to the world."

BEIJING, Aug. 3 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA Tuesday confirmed a 4-foot in diameter sphere debris as a fuel tank that was part of the space shuttle Columbia's electrical power system,according to U.S. news reports.NASA engineers identified the 4-foot piece of spherical debris as one of the18 tanks that held chilled oxygen and hydrogen used by the shuttle's electricity-generating fuel cells.This Aug. 1, 2011 handout photo provided by the Nacogdoches Police Department shows a 4-feet in diameter sphere found in Lake Nacogdoches, Texas on Monday, Aug. 1. Police say low water levels at the lake during the drought have led to recovery of a container-like object that could be from space shuttle Columbia. The shuttle broke apart and burned in February 2003, scattering remnants over East TexasPolice in the city of Nacogdoches, about 160 miles northeast of Houston, said Monday the low water levels of Lake Nacogdoches during the record drought revealed an unexpected object that could be from space shuttle Columbia. The shuttle broke apart and burned as it re-entered the atmosphere on February 1, 2003.The tank will be moved to the Kennedy Space Center, where the rest of the Columbia is stored. Approximately 40 percent of the spacecraft has been recovered.

WASHINGTON, July 15 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that grape seed polyphenols -- a natural antioxidant -- may help prevent the development or delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.The research, led by Giulio Pasinetti, was published online Friday in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, which causes brain changes that gradually get worse.This is the first study to evaluate the ability of grape- derived polyphenols to prevent the generation of a specific form of amyloid (A) peptide, a substance in the brain long known to cause the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease.In partnership with a team at the University of Minnesota, Pasinetti and collaborators administered grape seed polyphenolic extracts to mice genetically determined to develop memory deficits and A neurotoxins similar to those found in Alzheimer's disease. They found that the brain content of the A*56, a specific form of A previously implicated in the promotion of Alzheimer's disease memory loss, was substantially reduced after treatment.Previous studies suggest that increased consumption of grape- derived polyphenols, whose content, for example, is very high in red wine, may protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer's. This new finding corroborates those theories."Since naturally occurring polyphenols are also generally commercially available as nutritional supplements and have negligible adverse events even after prolonged periods of treatment, this new finding holds significant promise as a preventive method or treatment, and is being tested in translational studies in Alzheimer's disease patients," said Pasinetti.In Alzheimer's disease, brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function.

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