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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Many kids are starting the school year with a device at home as schools across the state go back in session.Meanwhile, some of their teachers are back in the classroom alone, running classes virtually to help keep some of the normalcy intact."I come to school for the kids," said Tanya Morrison, a geography teacher at West Hills High School in Grossmont Union High School District.Last school year, she taught six classes and saw around 190 teenagers every day."Now, I am waiting for my students to log in," Morrison said.Instead of walking up and down rows of desks, she teaches her twice a week virtual lessons through the computer. Her computer sits at eye-level thanks to a stack of textbooks.Morrison's got two screens, so she can see the teens and the lesson."They should already be working," she said. "They get their assignment at 8 in the morning on our Schoology platform, and they just log-in, and it's kind of self-directed work, and then we move into twice a week Zoom meetings," she said.Preparation for the lesson began days earlier.Instead of a free form approach, Morrison makes a slide presentation to keep the students engaged."I’ll use an app today called Pear Deck, and what it does is it makes Google Slide presentations interactive," she said. "So each slide they have a chance on their end to write a response and it kind of forces engagement and gives them something to do while I'm talking."But even with all the planning, there's still challenges."In the classrooms, I can see that kids are disengaged," she said. "With this, I'm trying to figure out are you really disengaged or do you have a lot of kids in your house, and it's just easy to get distracted."Morrison's been teaching for 16 years.Instead of teaching from home she chose an empty classroom and campus to make sure she's focused on the students as this year's needs are so different. Not everything happens in a Zoom session."Just those normal conversations that might happen in five seconds in the room is like 45 minutes of buildup and email conversations, can I call you now, are you going to answer and those little things," she said.With more than half of the counties in California on the state’s monitoring list, most learning, for now, is at a distance.Morrison doesn't make the rules on how or when kids will be back, but she tries to control what she can."It gives me that passion to keep going and just to see that I do this for the kids," she said. 2481

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local Rep. Duncan Hunter addressed the federal investigation into his campaign's spending and gave his thoughts on the ongoing gun control debate. 173

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s one of the few drugs shown to help fight the novel coronavirus, and a large federal study on remdesivir just entered a new phase.Previous research sponsored by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease showed remdesivir shortened recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on average from 15 days to 11 days.Now scientists and doctors are racing to find the perfect cocktail against COVD-19 by blending remdesivir with other drugs.California-based Gilead Sciences originally developed the drug to fight Ebola, but remdesivir was never approved. Gilead Sciences has offices in Oceanside.The drug works by interrupting the virus’ ability to replicate.“Remdesivir acts by shutting down virus production,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at University of California San Francisco. “It just forces the virus to stop making virus children.”Dr. Chin-Hong is studying remdesivir as part of the NIAID research.The problem is that stopping the virus from replicating isn’t enough for some severely ill patients. They suffer from a second problem: massive inflammation from the immune system’s war with the virus.That’s why scientists are trying a cocktail approach.“You have the virus to take care of, but you also have the body's response to the virus, which is inflammation, that you also have to take care of,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.Researchers started testing the first drug cocktail in May, using an arthritis drug called baricitinib that tames inflammation.But as the data on that part of the study gets crunched, researchers began testing the second cocktail this month, a combination of remdesivir and interferon beta.“Interferon beta is something we produce naturally to fight viruses,” said Dr. Chin-Hong. He said studies have shown people who don’t produce enough interferon beta struggle to fight off the virus.Researchers selected interferon beta after two small studies showed promising results against the coronavirus.Interferon beta can both reduce inflammation and kill viruses, so doctors are hoping it will be a potent one-two punch with remdesivir.Dr. Chin-Hong said he and other researchers started administering the new cocktail this month.Some patients will receive the cocktail, some will receive a placebo, and some will get remdesivir only. This kind of clinical trial is called an adaptive trial, which the FDA started encouraging in 2004. After each phase, the winning drug or cocktail will be tested against a new challenger.Dr. Chin-Hong said the eventual cocktail may include three or more drugs, similar to HIV medication. 2617

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It's almost time for kids to head back to school, and that may have some parents considering their children's options. In California, parents have many options, including educating children at existing private schools, through a charter or independent study program, or by opening a private home-based school.But make no mistake; it’s a big undertaking. The State of California requires those choosing to homeschool their children to file a private school affidavit.RELATED: Back to school shopping comparison: Wide price range between Target, Staples, othersParents must provide all curricular, instructional and other materials. State rules also require parents to keep track of their children’s attendance.Another factor to consider is college. The state urges parents schooling at home to learn about student admission or eligibility at specific colleges and technical schools.RELATED: Tax-free weekend 2018: Participating states, dates and what you can buyFor parents considering homeschooling, it’s also important to know that the alternative diploma equivalencies for students who don’t attend public school are the GED or the California High School Proficiency Exam. 1217