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WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The weakness of aging is associated with leaky calcium channels inside muscle cells and a drug already in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure might plug those leaks, according to a report published Tuesday in the online edition of Cell Metabolism.Earlier studies by the research team led by Andrew Marks of Columbia University showed the same leaks underlie the weakness and fatigue that come with heart failure and Duchenne muscular dystrophy."It's interesting, normal people essentially acquire a form of muscular dystrophy with age," Marks said. "The basis for muscle weakness is the same." Extreme exercise like that done by marathon runners also springs the same sort of leaks, he added, but in that case damaged muscles return to normal after a few days of rest. A microscopic view shows smooth muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells showing the nuclei (blue) and proteins of the cytoskeleton (green) in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The leaks occur in a calcium release channel called ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) that is required for muscles to contract. Under conditions of stress, those channels are chemically modified and lose a stabilizing subunit known as calstabin1.Calcium inside of muscle cells is usually kept contained. When it is allowed to leak out into the cell that calcium itself is toxic, turning on an enzyme that chews up muscle cells. Once the leak starts, it's a vicious cycle. The calcium leak raises levels of damaging reactive oxygen species, which oxidize RyR1 and worsen the leak.The researchers made their discovery by studying the skeletal muscles of young and old mice. They also showed that 6-month-old mice carrying a mutation that made their RyR1 channels leaky showed the same muscular defects and weakness characteristic of older mice.When older mice were treated with a drug known as S107, the calcium leak in their muscles slowed and the animals voluntarily showed about a 50 percent increase in the amount of time spent wheel running. Now in clinical trials for patients with heart failure, the drug is known to work by restoring the connection between costabilin and RyR1.Despite considerable effort to understand and reverse age- related muscle wasting, there are no established treatments available. The new work suggests there may be hope in approaching the problem from a different angle."Most research has focused on making more muscle mass," Marks said. "What's different here is that we are focused not on muscle mass but on muscle function. More muscle doesn't help if it is not functional."

CHONGQING, May 28 (Xinhua) -- Non-infectious chronic diseases have become the major threat to human health in China as deaths from such diseases account for 85 percent of annual total deaths in the country, a report issued Saturday warned.The report said a 2008 national survey on mortality cause in China showed that the figure was up from 53 percent in 1973. Such diseases result in 3.7 million deaths annually.The Disease Prevention and Control Bureau under the Ministry of Health, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention conducted the study, which was released at a national forum on prevention and control of chronic diseases in Chongqing.The mortality-cause survey shows that four non-infectious chronic diseases -- Cerebrovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and heart disease -- are the four principal causes that led to the largest number of deaths in China.Chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world, accounting for 60 percent of all deaths, reports the World Health Organization.According to the report, changes in lifestyle is one of the reasons that chronic diseases are increasing. Food with high contents of fat, protein and salt can lead to high blood pressure, high blood-fat and high blood sugar. Meanwhile, more people ride in vehicles instead of walking, meaning they exercise less.Experts at the forum called for more efforts to prevent and treat chronic diseases."It allows no delay," Kong Lingzhi, the vice director of the Disease Prevention and Control Bureau said, underlining the importance of reinforcing public education on chronic disease prevention and control."The earlier patients are aware of chronic diseases and receive proper medical treatment, the more likely they could overcome the diseases," she said.According to Kong, China has set a strategy to cope with chronic diseases in which government assumes the main responsibility, while the focus is on prevention.She said China would work to establish a prevention mechanism that pools the efforts of households, communities, professional institutions, and society at large.

PARIS, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Solar Impulse, a Swiss solar-powered aircraft, finally arrived in Paris on Tuesday after three days' delay, ready for a debut at the biennial International Paris Air Show.The 1.6-ton solar-powered plane was expected to land in Paris on Saturday but technical problems and bad weather forced it to turn back to Brussels.The plane took its first international flight from Switzerland to Brussels on May 13 and then marked its second international flight to Paris. It has 12,000 solar cells mounted on the wings, which provide momentum for its four electric motors.Solar Impulse is the first aeroplane designed to fly day and night without requiring fuel and without producing carbon emission. The 64-meter-wingspan (as wide as an Airbus A340) can fly at extremely slow speed and has a weight equivalent to that of an average family car.Regarded as a "special guest" in the show, Solar Impulse made a historic 26-hour day and night flight without fuel in July 2010.During the Paris air show from 20 to 26 June, visitors can enjoy a close look at the innovative plane on ground every day and if weather condition permits, flying displays will take place.According to Paris Air Show organizers, 59 of the top 100 companies in the air industry worldwide will be present. More than 1,800 small and medium-sized companies will be exhibiting their products during the one-week show. Enditem

LOS ANGELES, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Obesity rates in the United States climbed over the past year in 16 states, and not a single state reported a decline in the proportion of excessively overweight residents, according to a report released on Thursday.The report, published by HealthDay News, found that more than 30 percent of the people in 12 states are obese. Four years ago, only one state could make that claim.Twenty years ago, "there wasn't a single state that had an obesity rate above 15 percent, and now every state is above that," said Jeff Levi, executive director of Trust for America's Health, which compiled the report."We have seen a dramatic shift over a generation," he added. " This isn't just about how much people weigh, but it has to do with serious health problems like diabetes and hypertension. These are the things that are driving health care costs."With the exception of Michigan, the 10 most obese states are in the South. The Northeast and West reported the lowest obesity rates. In addition, in eight states, more than 10 percent of adults suffer from type 2 diabetes, according to the report.Mississippi, where 34.4 percent of the people are obese, has the highest obesity rate. Other states with obesity rates above 30 percent include: Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia. Thirty-eight other states have obesity rates above 25 percent.For the second year in a row, obesity rates rose in Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Rhode Island and Texas.And, for the third year straight, more residents of Florida, Kansas, Maine, Oklahoma and Vermont tipped the scale toward obesity.Colorado, with an obesity rate of 19.8 percent, is the only state where the rate is less than 20 percent, the report found.The study also found that more than one-third of children and adolescents are obese or overweight, with the highest prevalence in the South. However, the new data indicate that obesity among children and adolescents may have leveled off, except among the heaviest boys.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. has been awarded a long sought-after patent for touch screen functionality on portable devices, a set of exclusive rights expected to play into its current litigation against its counterparts in the mobile device market, U.S. media reported on Wednesday."A computer-implemented method, for use in conjunction with a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display, comprises displaying a portion of page content, including a frame displaying a portion of frame content and also including other content of the page, on the touch screen display," the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent abstract reads.Apple filed for the patent in December, 2007.Apple's patent essentially gives it ownership of the capacitive multitouch interface the company pioneered with its iPhone, on- line computer magazine PCMag quoted a source who has been involved in intellectual property litigation on similar matters as saying.The latest patent could produce a new round of lawsuits over the now-ubiquitous multitouch interfaces used in smartphones made by the likes of HTC, Samsung, Motorola, Research in Motion, Nokia, and others that run operating systems similar in nature to Apple's iOS, like Google's Android, said the patent expert.Apple has not immediately responded to request for comment on whether it will use the latest patent against competitors.Apple is currently involved in several patent-related battles with other companies. Nokia sued Apple in October 2009 for allegedly infringing patents the Finnish phone maker owns related to wireless handsets.Apple countersued Nokia in December 2009, accusing Nokia of infringing 13 Apple patents related to the iPhone. Nokia lodged a complaint later with the U.S. International Trade Commission, charging Apple of infringing seven Nokia patents "in virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players and computers."Last Monday, Nokia said Apple had agreed to pay the Finnish company a license fee to settle all patent litigation between the two. Industry watchers said Nokia is likely to get around 608 million U.S. dollars from Apple.This April, Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, alleging that the Korean consumer electronics company has violated Apple's intellectual property in the design of its mobile devices, such as iPhone and iPad.Samsung later sued Apple separately in Asia, Europe and the United States, accusing Apple of infringing Samsung's 10 patents related to mobile phones.

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