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WELLINGTON, July 26 (Xinhua) -- Children born early are less likely to develop serious behavioral problems than previously thought because previous studies may have relied too much on the opinions of "sensitive" parents, according to a controversial New Zealand research.The study by the Child Development Research Group at the University of Canterbury looked at the emotional and behavioral adjustment of children born very preterm (VPT).It showed that by age 6 children born very preterm (less than 33 weeks) were at an increased risk of emotional and attentional problems when compared with their full term peers, said a statement from the university.However, the findings suggested the risks may be lower than previous studies had suggested, because previous studies primarily relied on parents to provide information on their children's conditions, said lead author Samudragupta Bora."While parents are an important source of information about their child, it is also important to gather information from other significant people in the child's life such as their classroom teacher," said Bora.Bora and other members of the research team, found that parents reported higher rates of emotional and attention problems in their children than teachers did."Having a baby born prematurely is an extremely stressful experience for parents. During their baby's stay in the neonatal unit most parents will have been alerted to the possibility of their child developing problems such as behavioral difficulties in the future due to being born too early. Therefore, very understandably, many parents of these children are very sensitive to the possibility of developmental problems," he said."The use of multiple informants - parents, teachers and clinical observation - to assess VPT children's well-being is important to minimize the effects of report source bias and the over or under-identification of adjustment problems in children born VPT," said Bora."This is controversial because it shows that reliance on parents or teachers alone can lead to data validity issues."Although children born VPT were at higher risk of showing emotional and attentional problems, the risks of more severe problems were relatively modest, said Bora.The findings have been published the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.

PARIS, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- Marine scientists and representatives from the private sector and military establishments would meet at UNESCO at the end of this month to measure noise's impact on marine life, the Paris-based UN scientific branch UNESCO said Friday.The main agenda of the meeting, which is due from Aug. 30 to Sep. 1, was to discuss the program of the International Quiet Ocean Experiment (IQOE)."This decade-long project aims to fill the considerable knowledge gaps in this area, so that management of ocean noise can be more informed and effective," UNESCO said in a statement.The Quiet Ocean Experiments was initiated against the background that human activities on the high seas have increased significantly in recent decades, and resulted in impact upon many marine species relying mainly on sound to communicate.However, some sounds are suspected to alter the behavior of marine animals. For example, several whale species have raised the volume of the squeaks, clicks and moans by which they communicate with each other.The experiment is organized by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO), of which UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is a member.

JERUSALEM, July 25 (Xinhua) -- A new study carried out by a Tel Aviv University researcher indicates that the common backache may not only be caused by bad positions or aging, but also by your genes.Prof. Gregory Livshits of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine says that genes play a major role in back pain, especially in the lower back, and in spinal deterioration.In a decade-long project with 2,500 identical and non-identical twins, Livshits found that, in one Arab family, the same back problems appeared in all the members of the family, whether young or old.According to the study, non-identical twins were three times more likely to have back pain, while identical twins were six times more likely to have the same back problems.Livshits believes the discovery of the link between back pains and genes could lead to much better treatment.The research was developed in collaboration with a team of scientists at Kings College, London, led by Prof. Tim Spector and Dr. Fran Williams and was recently published in the journal " Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases."In order to better investigate the genetic causes for one of the world most common pains, Livshits and his colleagues hope to put together an international consortium of research groups.

WASHINGTON, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Short sleep duration may contribute to the development or worsening of hyperactivity and inattention during early childhood, suggests a research abstract that was presented Tuesday at SLEEP 2011, the 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC.Results show that less sleep in preschool-age children significantly predicted worse parent-reported hyperactivity and inattention at kindergarten. The sample consisted of approximately 6,860 children, and analyses controlled for gender, ethnicity and family income."Children who were reported to sleep less in preschool were rated by their parents as more hyperactive and less attentive compared to their peers at kindergarten," said lead author Erika Gaylor, senior researcher for SRI International, an independent, nonprofit research institute in Menlo Park, California. "These findings suggest that some children who are not getting adequate sleep may be at risk for developing behavioral problems manifested by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and problems sitting still and paying attention." According to the authors, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not generally diagnosed until the school-age years. However, the onset of developmentally inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity is often much younger. Sleep problems, particularly difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, are frequently reported in children and adolescents with ADHD. However, the direction of causation, if any, has been difficult to determine. Longitudinal studies may provide a window into the direction of this complex relationship.Last year at SLEEP 2010, Gaylor reported that having a regular bedtime was the most consistent predictor of positive developmental outcomes at four years of age. Having an earlier bedtime also was predictive of higher scores for most developmental measures.

CANBERRA, Aug. 29 (Xinhua) -- An Australia report released on Monday draws a direct link between inaction on climate change and long-term social and mental health problems.The Climate Institute report, A Climate of Suffering: The Real Cost of Living with Inaction on Climate Change, points that in the wake of extreme weather in Australia, such as cyclones and droughts, there is an increase in depression, anxiety, post- traumatic stress and substance abuse.As many as one in five people reported "emotional injury, stress and despair" in the wake of these events.The report also warns continuing catastrophic weather events are creating anxiety and insecurity for children at levels not seen since the Cold War.It claims one in 10 children of primary school age showed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after Cyclone Larry in 2006.According to Professor Ian Hickie, from the Brain & Mind Institute, regional and remote communities are most vulnerable to the impact of climate change.He said a recent study of rural New South Wales where, following the long drought, self-harm and suicide rose by up to eight percent."I think what we are seeing now is a much more significant counting of not just the short-term costs and reactions but the longer-term costs, the loss of community cohesion and that being essential to people's long-term mental health," Professor Hickie."The drought was a particularly instructive event for everyone in Australia and we saw a lot of focus for the first time on the mental health effects, particularly suicides in rural families, the effect on rural communities of prolonged examples of weather change," Hickie said.Climate Institute chief executive John Connor said that not only did natural disasters cost taxpayers about nine billion U.S. dollars last year, but there are also damaging Australia's social fabric.He said that with Australian regions increasingly exposed to extreme weather, recognizing and managing the risks of climate change is essential, and it is an insurance policy to protect Australia's communities.The study came as the political and social debate over Australian federal government's proposed carbon tax intensifies.In 2007, a report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) projected the effects of various greenhouse gas emission scenarios for 2030, 2050 and 2070.It said droughts were likely to become more frequent, fire danger was set to increase and tropical cyclones were likely to become more intense.

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