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BEIJING, August 1 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. researchers have discovered a genetic mutation unique to African Americans that links to heighten their asthma risk, according to reports published on Sunday in the journal Nature Genetics.Researchers of University of Chicago found a gene, PYHIN1, and its variations may account for asthma risk in people of African descent. In their study, they examined data from nine previous genome-wide association studies, totaling more than 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3,246 asthma patients and 3,385 control patient, 1,702 patient-parent groupings, 355 family-based cases, and 468 family-based controls.In the study, the researchers found that between 26 percent and 29 percent of people of African-descent carried at least one copy of the gene.  In particular, one polymorphism of the gene was 34 percent more likely found in African-American and Afro-Caribbean people with asthma.  More interestingly, this variant of the gene is rarely found in Caucasian people and in Latino population, it was found in less than 5 percent.This new variant is part of a family of genes linked with the body's response to viral infections. It is thought to be involved in interferon signaling, which could influence the occurrence of asthma.The team stressed that each gene variant on its own plays only a small role in increasing asthma risk, but that risk could be multiplied when combined with other risk genes and with environmental factors.

WASHINGTON, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Using the deepest X-ray image ever taken, astronomers found the first direct evidence that massive black holes were common in the early universe, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said Wednesday in a statement.The discovery from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that very young black holes grew more aggressively than previously thought, in tandem with the growth of their host galaxies.By pointing Chandra at a patch of sky for more than six weeks, astronomers obtained what is known as the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). When combined with very deep optical and infrared images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the new Chandra data allowed astronomers to search for black holes in 200 distant galaxies, from when the universe was between about 800 million to 950 million years old."Until now, we had no idea what the black holes in these early galaxies were doing, or if they even existed," said Ezequiel Treister of the University of Hawaii, lead author of the study to appear Thursday in journal Nature. "Now we know they are there, and they are growing like gangbusters."The super-sized growth means that the black holes in the CDFS are less extreme versions of quasars -- very luminous, rare objects powered by material falling onto supermassive black holes. However, the sources in the CDFS are about a hundred times fainter and the black holes are about a thousand times less massive than the ones in quasars.The observations found that between 30 and 100 percent of the distant galaxies contain growing supermassive black holes. Extrapolating these results from the small observed field to the full sky, there are at least 30 million supermassive black holes in the early universe. This is a factor of 10,000 larger than the estimated number of quasars in the early universe."It appears we've found a whole new population of baby black holes," said co-author Kevin Schawinski of Yale University. "We think these babies will grow by a factor of about a hundred or a thousand, eventually becoming like the giant black holes we see today almost 13 billion years later."

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Facebook and Time Warner announced on Tuesday that they are teaming up to launch a wide- ranging, major cross-platform partnership initiative to fight bullying.The multi-media campaign, named "Stop Bullying: Speak Up" after the original anti-bullying initiative by Time Warner's Cartoon Network, will integrate broadcast, print, online and social media to educate parents, teachers and youth about the actions that will help protect young people from the impact of bullying, the two said in a joint statement.As part of the initiative, Facebook is scheduled to launch an interactive application in the back-to-school season this fall, which will enable educators, parents, and kids to make a personal commitment to help stop bullying."We care deeply about the safety of our nation's children and are proud to be partnering with Time Warner to raise awareness of bullying," Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook's chief operating officer, said in the statement."We believe that by working together with parents and teachers, we can teach young people to speak up and stop bullying," she added.Time Warner is also planning to expand its multiplatform efforts to communicate the anti-bullying message to an broader audience.It said in October, three of its magazines -- People, Sports Illustrated and Time -- and their affiliated websites will feature editorial content that highlights the problem of bullying and innovative programs and measures being taken to combat it.In partnership with Facebook, CNN's Anderson Cooper will also host a new town hall, which is scheduled to air in October and will be dedicated to discussing bullying issues confronting kids today as well as discussions with experts to teach adults on coping with the bullying epidemic."I'm confident that through our multiplatform approach and combined resources we can inspire even more people to take action against bullying," said Jeff Bewkes, Time Warner's chairman and chief executive officer.

BEIJING, Sep. 13 (Xinhuanet) --Experts have called for a national drug-control system after a nationwide deficit of a life-saving drug, which has lasted at least three months.Doctors at a Beijing hospital said some specialized hospitals, which perform hundreds of cardiac operations every month, have been paralyzed by their lack of protamine sulfate, which is commonly administered after heart surgery to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin.The earliest report of a shortage was in Hubei province on July 21. This was followed by reports of shortages in Guangdong, Shandong and Liaoning provinces.The Shandong newspaper, Qilu Evening News, quoted a regional sales manager, surnamed Zhuang, as saying the province had been allocated 150 doses of protamine sulfate after Shanghai No 1 Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Co Ltd recently resumed production of the drug."But its monthly use here is usually 10,000 doses," he said.The Ministry of Health has denied it is responsible for supplies of the drug and passed the buck to the State Food and Drug Administration, claiming the latter is responsible for the supervision of medicines.Shen Chen, head of the publicity office of the State Food and Drug Administration, said he was unaware of the shortage, but said the administration is responsible for the quality of medicines, not the supply."Development and reform authorities oversee the medicines' prices, while the industrial and commercial authorities oversee the storage. The food and drug departments only cover the approval and quality of medicines."Industry insiders said one of the reasons for the shortage was the low profit margin, which discourages companies from mass producing the drug."Some companies can't earn enough to recover their costs, therefore it is almost impossible to maintain their enthusiasm for continuing production," said Lu Guoping, secretary-general of the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Trade Association.Lu said the government should issue policies to prevent future shortages of such medicines to avoid possible nationwide public health incidents.Yi Shenghua, a lawyer at Beijing Yingke Law Firm, said the country should have a unified system to guarantee the normal supply of medicines that are widely used and drug manufacturers should fulfill their responsibilities to society, even though there is no law stipulating they should produce specific medicines.He came up with two ways to deal with the problem of companies only producing profitable drugs."The government can order businesses to manufacture a certain amount of cheap medicines. Or it can offer financial assistance to subsidize cheap, but life-saving medicines."

SAN FRANCISCO, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Thursday announced that its tablet computer, HP TouchPad, will go on sale in the United States on July 1.Two versions of HP TouchPad, with the option of either 16 gigabytes or 32 gigabytes of internal storage, and both only with Wi-Fi connection, will be available in the United States for 499. 99 U.S. dollars and 599.99 dollars respectively, the company said in a statement.The product will hit stores in Britain, Ireland, France and Germany a few days later and in Canada in mid-July, with availability scheduled to follow later this year in Italy, Spain, Australia, China's Hong Kong, New Zealand and Singapore.Preorders in North America and Europe will begin on June 19, HP said.HP did not release the price details when it introduced TouchPad on Feb. 9. The black device, with a 9.7-inch touch screen, runs webOS operating system, a mobile platform developed by Palm, a smartphone maker acquired by HP last April for 1.8 billion dollars.