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The 2016 election was psychologically traumatic for some, according to a new study published in the Journal of American College Health. It found that 1 out of 4 students surveyed experienced clinically significant event-related distress short term.Researchers from San Francisco State University, University of California, San Francisco and Arizona State University assessed a diverse group of nearly 800 undergraduates at Arizona State two to three months after the election.A key battleground, Arizona got a lot of political attention. Ultimately, Trump won Arizona by a narrow margin, earning 48.7% of the vote.The survey students filled out asked questions to determine the emotional effect of the event the election. It asked about the impact the election had on close relationships and assessed clinical symptoms of distress and subclinical impacts, meaning emotions that don't present definitive, more readily observable symptoms.Symptoms included "avoidance," a clinical term used to describe how someone deliberately stays away from whatever is causing them trauma, and "intrusion," a clinical term meaning the inability to keep memories of the source of their trauma from returning. The researchers also looked to see if demographics made a difference.Most of those surveyed, 65%, said the election had no impact on their close relationships. About 24% reported a slight or very negative impact and a little more than 10% reported a positive impact.If the election did have a negative emotional impact, avoidance was more common than intrusion among these students. One-fourth of participants showed clinically significant avoidance and intrusion symptoms in response to the election. Women, Democrats, people who did not identify as Christian and sexual minorities reported significantly more event-related distress, the study found.The students surveyed came from diverse backgrounds and held a mix of political opinions. Of the group, 18.5% reported that they were satisfied with the result of the election, 25% said they were somewhat satisfied, 19.2% said they were somewhat dissatisfied, and 37.2% said they were completely dissatisfied. Thirty-nine percent also reported that they were "considerably or extremely" upset by the election, 28.5% were not at all upset, the rest fell somewhere between.The study had limitations. The survey did not look at conditions long term. It couldn't rule out other stressors. It only looked at this one election and did not evaluate how students reacted in other years.Other studies looking at the 2016 election have found similar results. A study released in June that surveyed nearly 300 students two days before the 2016 election, on election night, and two days after, found that students who were concerned about Trump's ability to govern and those who were a part of the "non-dominant social group," including women and people of color, showed increased signs of stress before and during election night. Biological tests showed some signs of increased stress after the election, although there was a general recovery in mood, according to self-reported results.Lindsay Till Hoyt, who co-authored that study and is not connected with the current work, found this latest research interesting. She was not surprised that students felt increased stress."I think so much of the social media and news about the election really felt personal and aimed at specific groups like Mexican Americans and women," Hoyt, an?assistant professor of psychology at Fordham University,?said.For example, she cites Trump's justification for building a wall between Mexico and the US, saying in a debate "we have some bad hombres here and we're going to get them out." Or when a 2005 "Access Hollywood" tape was released in which Trump talked about how his celebrity status allowed him to behave aggressively with women, saying he could "grab them by the (expletive)" and that he would sometimes "just start kissing them.""Comments like those could hit very close to home, as opposed to arguments about abstract concepts like foreign policy and economic policy, students might not be as well versed in those topics," Hoyt said. "Because there was literal name-calling going on in the election cycle, even with students less politically engaged, that strong language and the harsher crassness of the rhetoric may have had a more broad effect on these students."In another study she and a graduate student are working on, they've noticed that both sides, conservatives and liberals, say they have felt discriminated against during the election, and preliminary results show it has caused them stress that interrupted their sleep."It's not just along ethnic and racial discrimination lines," Hoyt said "Conservatives also feel discrimination is affecting their sleep, it crosses both sides of the political aisle."Another 2018 study looking at how 700 teachers navigated the days after the election with K-12 students, and researchers found stories of such distress. One surveyed teacher remarked "for millions of people, this is real trauma."Beth Sondel,?who co-authored that study of teachers, finds this latest research on college students useful."Many of these young kids that the teachers were talking about in our study weren't privy to the policy being presented in the election, but the rhetoric was so strong it was impacting them," said Sondel, a research assistant professor in the department of instruction and learning at the University of Pittsburgh School of Education.Teachers reported they saw an immediate heightened fear of deportation among students. One teacher reported one of her seventh graders asked her if "Trump can come with a bus and get me?" Another teacher in Nebraska said a high school student who was expecting a baby asked if the teacher would take care of the baby if he was deported. Another teacher reported consoling a second-grade student who told her through tears that she was worried that when she'd get home from school her parents wouldn't be there."In general, I think our results are similar, in that we are finding that even these younger students are internalizing this rhetoric and it is causing stress and trauma," Sondel said. "I think the personal has become really political in this election."The authors hope this latest study will help mental health professionals better counsel college students have. Knowing that an election can cause distress, professionals should ask about it to better target treatment, they said. 6606

Texas health officials say new cases of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 have hit a new peak. According to the Johns Hopkins website, the state recorded 1,010,364 cases early Wednesday with 19,337 deaths since the pandemic began in early March.Texas recorded 10,865 coronavirus cases on Tuesday, setting a new daily record that surpassed by 74 cases an old mark set July 15, state officials said.According to state figures on Tuesday, an estimated 132,146 cases are active, the most since Aug. 17, and 6,170 COVID-19 cases are hospitalized, the most since Aug. 18.The true number of infections is likely higher because many people haven’t been tested, and studies suggest people can be infected and not feel sick.There were 94 new deaths Tuesday, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services.Meanwhile, cases of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 are surging in the Laredo area as the borderlands remained a COVID-19 hotbed Tuesday, health officials said.Laredo health officials reported 331 new cases Tuesday of the coronavirus, the most since the Aug. 10 peak of 374 cases. That brought the area’s case count for the pandemic since the beginning of March to 16,558. Of those, 934 cases are active, the most in two months, and 73 require hospitalization. One new death was reported Tuesday, bringing the city’s COVID-19 death toll to 367.The surge comes as El Paso, another border city, grapples with a recent tsunami of cases. Another 1,292 cases were reported in El Paso County on Tuesday, bringing its pandemic count to 65,651 with 27,895 cases now active and 1,076 requiring hospitalization. Nine new deaths brought the county’s COVID-19 death toll to 682.The higher counts come amid intensive testing in both places and statewide.For most people, the coronavirus causes mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and a cough that clear up in two to three weeks. For some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia and death. 2034

States and districts across the country are unveiling their plans for the nation’s 56 million school children to return back to school. It’s a stressful time for parents and teachers, as well as students. Experts say it’s important to recognize the signs your child may not be ready to go back.“I really want to see friends and see teachers, and like, being actually inside the classroom,” said 14-year-old sophomore Amina Ahmad.Still, there is an uneasiness about whether a return to the classroom would lead to an outbreak.“Some people really are kind of worried about how many students are actually going back and how many people are going to be there,” said Ahmad.Politicians, school administrators, and parents are all weighing the potential risks of returning to the classroom. As novel coronavirus cases surge across the country, experts say the psychological toll on children needs to be addressed.“One of the things that we're seeing a lot is that after being away from that routine for a long time, it is normal for families and for youth to be concerned about ‘how is this going to be?’” said Dr. Tali Raviv, a child clinical psychologist at the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago who specializes in student mental and health resilience.The American Association of Pediatrics says the benefits of in-person learning outweigh the risks and “…strongly advocates that all policy considerations for the coming school year should start with a goal of having students physically present in school.”But mental health experts say it’s important to understand how each child feels about going back.“Because it's a very different situation if a child is worried, ‘I'm not going to have my best friend with me in my little pod’ than if they're saying ‘I'm worried I'm going to get sick and die’ or ‘you're going to get sick and die,’” explained Dr. Raviv.Dr. Raviv says signs that your student is anxious about returning to school include:Any significant changes in sleep, falling asleep, staying asleep, not wanting to sleep alone or having nightmaresChanges in appetite or a lack of appetiteHeadaches or stomach achesBeing more irritable, frequent meltdownsWithdrawal from friends, family, other activitiesDr. Raviv says if the anxiety is debilitating, it may be time to see a professional.For sophomore Ahmad, her school’s hybrid schedule, alternating in-person and online classes, has put her mind at ease for now. 2448

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — A Florida judge sided with a state teacher's union Monday in ruling that the Florida Department of Education could not require all brick and mortar schools to open by the end of the month or lose funding.Leon County Circuit Judge Charles Dodson ruled in favor of the Florida Education Association (FEA), in a lawsuit meant to stop the Education Department's order that would require all schools in the state to reopen for in-person classes by Aug. 31 or face loss of funding. The union filed their lawsuit shortly after the mandate was issued on July 6, claiming the order was in violation of the constitution's safe and secure public education guarantee.The FEA said Monday's ruling is a victory for schools all around the state of Florida."It is a pushback on reckless disregard on human life," said Randi Weingarten, the president of the American Federation of Teachers. "It is a pushback on politics overtaking safety and the science and the well being of communities."Fred Piccolo, a spokesperson for the governor's office, said the state intended to appeal the ruling."We intend to appeal this ruling and are confident in our position and in the authority of the Commissioner and the Governor to do what is best for our students," Piccolo said.The legal team for the FEA says the state can appeal, which would mean an automatic stay in the ruling given Monday. To lift the stay, the state would need to deliver more arguments in front of Dodson.This story was originally published by Kristian Thomas on WTXL in Tallahassee, Florida. 1566

TAMPA, Fla. — It's often called the most wonderful time of the year. With Christmas just 10 days away, public health experts are urging families to be cautious around the holiday to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.“If people interpret the vaccine being here as an opportunity to lower their guard, then, unfortunately, we’re going to see more sorrow and death, and those are all preventable,” said USF Health professor Dr. Marissa Levine.Since the Thanksgiving holiday, we’ve recently seen an upward trend in COVID-19 cases in the Tampa Bay area. Dr. Levine points to an increase in hospitalizations, too, though not as steep of an increase as what we saw this summer.“This is happening with Christmas and New Year’s just around the corner, so all bets are off in terms of what happens after that,” said Levine. “That will really depend on what we do between now and the beginning of January.”The CDC says celebrating the holiday virtually or with people you live with poses the lowest risk for spread. It says getting together with family and friends who don’t live with you can increase the chances of getting or spreading COVID-19.If you are having a small gathering, the CDC suggests limiting the number of people, hosting outdoors rather than indoors, and having supplies like extra masks available. If inside, experts recommend opening windows and doors to increase ventilation. “I would really push people to do everything possible to try to keep your distance, and if you can’t, wear your face coverings all the time that you’re not eating,” said Levine.The CDC also says people who have COVID symptoms, are waiting on test results, or are at an increased risk of severe illness should not go to an in-person celebration. If you travel, the CDC says testing does not eliminate all risk, but it can help make travel safer. Still, it says the safest thing to do is to stay home.“I think the real message here is there’s hope. There’s lots of hope ahead. I’m hoping that we’re at the beginning of the end, but the beginning of the end does not mean we can let our guard down,” said Dr. Levine. “In fact, we’re probably going to have to really push to do physical distancing, face masks, and handwashing for a number of months into the future.”This story was first reported by Mary O'Connell at WFTS in Tampa Bay, Florida. 2338