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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced early Tuesday that the launch of Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft is successful.The spacecraft was successfully sent into the designated orbit after the blastoff at 5:58 a.m. at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern desert area, carried by an upgraded Long March-2F rocket.It is heading to rendezvous with the Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace-1" that was put into space on Sept. 29 for the country's first space docking.The docking, if successful, will pave the way for China to operate a permanent space station around 2020, and make the nation the world's third to do so.The launch was attended by Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang. It was also observed by senior experts from the European Space Agency and the German Aerospace Center at the launch site.The docking will happen within two days after the launch of the Shenzhou-8 at a height of 343 km above Earth's surface. The spacecraft will return to Earth after two docking operations.

NEW DELHI, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese ambassador to India Zhang Yan Monday proposed that China and India make more efforts to develop economic ties.At a meeting on China-India relations attended by Indian National Security Advisor S. Menon, the ambassador said the Chinese side is fully aware of the necessity to narrow the trade gap between the two sides in order to ensure the sustainability of bilateral trade cooperation."China will take measures to increase the import of Indian products which have market demand in China. But our cooperation should not be limited in trade only," said the ambassador.He suggested that China and India should diversify their trade structure, expand the scope and items, and increase the technical content and added value to the products, while expanding into financial, service and investment sectors.The envoy said China and India should initiate policy dialogue and coordinate their economic development strategy in order to ensure steady growth of respective economy, encourage mutual investments, consider the free trade agreement or regional trade arrangement, and increase tourism cooperation.Zhang said that as an encouraging sign of economic ties, the bilateral trade volume is set to hit 70 billion U.S. dollars in 2011, an over 20 percent increase over the previous years, while China set up its first branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in Mumbai last year.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Monday reported that its profit in the most recent quarter fell more than 90 percent with sales also declining.In the company's fourth quarter of fiscal 2011 ended Oct. 31, the company posted net earnings of 239 million U.S. dollars, compared with 2.54 billion dollars in the same period a year earlier.HP's net revenue for the quarter reached 32.1 billion dollars, down 3 percent year-on-year.Excluding one-time items, HP earned 1.17 dollars per share, which topped estimates of analysts.According to Thomson Reuters, analysts had expected earnings of 1.13 dollars per share on revenue of 32.05 billion dollars.It was the first earnings report since Meg Whitman took over as chief executive officer (CEO) of the information technology giant on Sept. 22, replacing Leo Apotheker."HP has a great opportunity to build on our strong hardware, software, and services franchises with leading market positions, customer relationships, and intellectual property," Whitman said in a statement after the earnings announcement."We need to get back to the business fundamentals in fiscal 2012, including making prudent investments in the business and driving more consistent execution," she added.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, or China's cabinet, has decided to create a food allowance for about 26 million needy students nationwide, according to a statement issued on Wednesday.Each student will receive an average of three yuan (47 cents) daily from the central budget, said a statement issued after a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.The policy will be implemented on a trial basis in 680 less-developed counties, the statement said.Authorities will have to allocate a total of 16 billion yuan annually from the central budget to meet the policy's requirements, it said.The money will be given to schools instead of directly to the students' families, allowing the schools to provide more and better food in their canteens, the statement said.Efforts will be made to build better canteens in rural primary and middle schools, the statement said.The statement added that daily allowances for needy students at primary boarding schools will also be increased from three to four yuan, while those for students at middle boarding schools will rise from four to five yuan.

来源：资阳报