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WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

NAIROBI, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- The UN refugee agency said on Tuesday there has been an outbreak of cholera in Dadaab, the world's largest refugee camp in Kenya, which is believed to have started among new arrivals who had most likely acquired it in Somalia or en route to the camp.The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said the situation in Dadaab, home to Somalis fleeing famine and conflict, is being exacerbated by heavy rains and accompanying risks of waterborne diseases."Rains and flooding had affected the trucking of water to parts of the camps, and we fear some refugees resorted to using unsafe water from flooded areas," the UN refugee agency said in a statement released in Nairobi.According to UNHCR, there are now 60 cases in the camps, including 10 laboratory-confirmed cases and one refugee death. To manage the outbreak, UNHCR and partners have set up cholera treatment centres for severe cases, it said.The UN agency deplored insecurity which it said continues to affect aid efforts more than a month after the kidnapping of three aid workers in Kenya's Dadaab refugee complex.The UNHCR says insecurity is still hampering aid efforts in the area, despite the deployment of 100 Kenyan policemen in the last month.UNHCR is assisting them with vehicles, shelter and telecommunications equipment."Together with our partners, we are exploring options to gradually resume full operations despite continued security incidents in and around Dadaab. In the meantime, refugees are still receiving life-saving aid, namely food, water and health care," it said.According to the agency, most cases can be managed through oral rehydration solutions (ORS) that can be given at home or at the health posts."We are working with UNICEF and the Ministry of Health to train health workers in the community-based management of diarrhoea so that patients can begin treatment at home," it said.UNHCR said it has increased levels of chlorine, which kills cholera-causing bacteria, at water points in the camps. These, it said, are monitored to make sure they are maintained at the correct levels."We are also promoting hygiene practices among the refugees, especially the use of latrines and hand washing with soap. Each refugee received 250 grams of soap with the latest food distribution and this will continue monthly for several months," UNHCR said.Dadaab is home to more than 400,000 registered refugees, nearly all of them Somali, with an estimated 70,000 people having arrived in July and August as conditions in their homeland rapidly deteriorated.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Thursday introduced its Slate 2 Tablet PC, a business-targeted tablet computer running Windows operating system.Looking like the previous version, Slate 2, featuring an 8.9- inch screen, is upgraded with Intel Atom Z670 processor to deliver faster boot times and improved battery life up to six hours, said HP.It also has a Bluetooth keyboard dock and Swype keyboard which allows users to enter words by sliding a finger or stylus from letter to letter, lifting only between words.The device will be available to customers worldwide for 699 U.S. dollars later this month, according to HP.Slate 500, Slate 2's previous generation running Windows, was introduced last October and sold exclusively to businesses for 800 dollars upon launch.HP said in a statement that the Slate 2 tablet provides instant deployment for business and vertical markets such as education, healthcare, government and retail, where jobs frequently take users away from a traditional desk.The company on Thursday also announced HP 3115m, a new notebook PC targeting business, education and government customers. The notebook will be available in the Americas only next Friday with prices staring at 429 dollars.HP's consumer-oriented tablet TouchPad was killed off in August before former chief executive officer Leo Apotheker resigned. A dropped price from 499 to 99.99 dollars has made the unpopular device sold out in stores across the U.S. and Canada in days.Last Thursday, HP announced it will keep its PC business, saying it will build tablets running Microsoft's upcoming Windows 8 system in 2012.

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Councilon Thursday called ordered improved, innovative administration in environmental protection, according to a statement.In a statement published on the central government's website, the State Council listed a series of guidelines on environment-related issues, saying that it will step efforts to address prominent environmental problems that affect people's lives and sustainable development.The statement ordered strictly implementing environmental impact assessment, vigoroulsy developing environmental protection industry, and ensuring nuclear and radioactive safety.It called for implementing economic policies beneficial to environmental protection.The statement also ordered local governments at all levels to attach more importance to environmental protection, noting ecological conditions should be considered in evaluating the performance of local leaders.

SYDNEY, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Children with fat fathers are more likely to be obese by age of eight or nine than those with healthy weight fathers, a new study by researchers at Australia's University of Newcastle found on Thursday.Researchers at the University of Newcastle found that children who had an overweight or obese dad were four times more likely to follow in their father's footsteps than those with a dad in the healthy weight range.They also found in the study that only having an obese or overweight mum in the family did not have the same effect.Lead researcher Emily Freeman said it was still unknown why overweight dads had such a significant effect on their children's weights.The researchers conducted their study using data collected from 3000 Australian families between 2004 and 2008 for a longitudinal study.They looked at the weights of children when they were aged four to five and then again when they turned eight and nine years old.According to Freeman, around 25 percent of Australian children are overweight or obese.She said helping fat dads lose weight could make a difference to the youngsters.

来源：资阳报