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Researchers from Florida Atlantic University released a video on Tuesday that shows how droplets disperse into the air from a person’s mouth.The researchers used different kinds of masks to analyze the disbursement of the droplets. The researchers also showed that without a mask, six feet of distance might not be enough to avoid infection.The FAU team tested a single-layer bandana-style covering, a homemade mask that was stitched using two-layers of cotton quilting fabric consisting of 70 threads per inch, and a non-sterile cone-style mask that is available in most pharmacies. The team used a mannequin, Laser lights and synthetic fog to help visualize the spread of the droplet from a cough..The researchers said that stitched quilted cotton masks worked the best in the simulation, with droplets from emulated coughs traveling just 2.5 inches from the mask. By comparison, without a mask, the droplets moved more than 8 feet, with some droplets traveling up to 12 feet during a heavy cough. The researchers also noted that the droplets remained suspended in midair for up to three minutes in the simulated environment.“We found that although the unobstructed turbulent jets were observed to travel up to 12 feet, a large majority of the ejected droplets fell to the ground by this point,” said Dhanak. “Importantly, both the number and concentration of the droplets will decrease with increasing distance, which is the fundamental rationale behind social-distancing.”FAU said that droplets from a cough traveled 3 feet, 7 inches from a bandana; 1 foot, 3 inches from a folded handkerchief; and 8 inches from a cone-style mask.“Preliminary results from our experiment reveal that significant concentrations of small particles from a turbulent jet such as from a heavy cough/sneeze can linger in still air for more than one minute. It only took the particles a couple of seconds to travel 3 feet; in about 12 seconds it reached 6 feet and in about 41 seconds it reached around 9 feet,” said Siddhartha Verma, an assistant professor in FAU’s Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering.Last week, the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projected that 33,000 American lives would be saved between now and October 1 by near universal wearing of masks.Last month, a study in the Lancet found that the use of masks and respirators by those infected with the virus reduced the risk of spreading the infection by 85%. The authors analyzed data that showed that N95 respirators in healthcare settings were up to 96% effective. Other masks were found to be 77% effective.The CDC issued guidance in April to recommend mask wearing while in public, which has become a requirement to enter retail establishments in more than a dozen states.The CDC's guidance stressed several points: That wearing a face covering is not a substitute for social distancing, and that the public should not use medical or surgical masks. The recommendations suggest the public should use fabric or cloth that covers the mouth and nose.To view FAU's video, click here. Justin Boggs is a writer for the E.W. Scripps National Desk. Follow him on Twitter @jjboggs or on Facebook . 3198

President-elect Joe Biden announced on Wednesday his first significant staff decision since being projected as the winner of last week’s presidential election.Biden chose longtime aide Ron Klain to be the White House chief of staff come January. According to the Biden campaign, Klain served as a senior adviser to the Biden for President campaign. Klain was previously Biden’s chief of staff as vice president.Klain also took on a number of roles within the Democratic administrations, including serving as the White House Ebola response coordinator in 2014 and 2015 under President Barack Obama.Previously, Klain was a key figure in the Clinton administration, serving as Vice President Al Gore’s chief of staff and a counselor to Attorney General Janet Reno.“Ron has been invaluable to me over the many years that we have worked together, including as we rescued the American economy from one of the worst downturns in our history in 2009 and later overcame a daunting public health emergency in 2014,” Biden said in a statement. “His deep, varied experience and capacity to work with people all across the political spectrum is precisely what I need in a White House chief of staff as we confront this moment of crisis and bring our country together again.”Biden is expected to begin announcing members of his cabinet in the coming weeks. 1350

Record unemployment rocked the real estate market. Now, interest rates are at record lows, giving many people a new way to save money by refinancing their current mortgage.Matthew Garcia, a senior loan officer with Supreme Lending, says now is a good time to refinance your home. "Absolutely. I mean, you’re looking at interest rates being at the most historic rates they’ve ever been. Rates have been in the 3% ranges before but now you’re seeing 30-year loans getting into the upper twos and middle twos, which is completely insane," said Garcia.Garcia says the industry is going through a refinancing boom that it hasn't seen since a few years after the Great Recession. Refinancing your mortgage, or essentially restructuring your current home loan under a new, lower interest rate, can be done for a couple different reasons."There’s two main types of refinancing you can do. There’s what’s called rate term refinance which means I’m simply refinancing the balance from any closing costs I might have and dropping the interest rates. That’s what called Rate Term, taking no additional cash out. Then there’s also cash out. Cash out refinances tend to be a bit more expensive. When I say more expensive, I mean the rates are slightly higher, more expensive in cost structure," said Garcia.For cash out refinancing, home owners who have likely owned their property for at least four or five years, are refinancing to take the extra cash from the increased equity in the home, and invest it in renovations or elsewhere."Where people can get into more danger is, they're taking out money because they want to go out and invest in other investment properties, go use that money to go out and buy other homes, speculate. That’s where it gets a bit dangerous. A lot of folks start watching their HGTV and think they're the expert and they're going to tap into this equity and go and do these things. There’s a lot more to it," said Garcia.Garcia says the last thing people want is to end up with two failed mortgages. He says the best reasons to refinance is debt consolidation or if it will save money in the long run.Josh Stech, CEO and co-founder of Sundae, a company that helps people with homes in bad condition get their properties sold, also says it's a good time to refinance because of how great the real estate market was doing before the COVID-19 pandemic."Rates are really low but also equity in homes was really high. We hit historic highs heading into the pandemic in terms of the amount of equity that homeowners have in their homes. Basically, the value versus the mortgage that they owe," said Stech. As for how long interest rates will last, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has said they could be around for years. Sheck says, there's a chance interest rates could go even lower but there's already so much demand to refinance and banks can only process so many."I think as the fed is targeting a longer term near-zero interest rate environment, I think actually if you maybe wait a little bit you might play the game and win and get a lower interest rate because of the supply and demand I mentioned. I think it's a great time. It's hard to argue with record lows you haven't seen since 1971," said Stech.Experts recommend people who are considering refinancing to talk to a loan officer or financial advisor to make the best decision for their situation. But, if it's something they're interested in doing, to look into it while the rates are as low as they are. 3495

President-elect Joe Biden will not be sworn into office until January 20, but it appears he is taking action now to do what he can to control the record-breaking spread of the coronavirus.Biden will announce a coronavirus task force on Monday, according to comments he made Saturday night. "On Monday, I will name a group of leading scientists and experts as transition advisors to help take the Biden-Harris COVID plan and convert it into an action blueprint that starts on January 20th, 2021. That plan will be built on a bedrock of science. It will be constructed out of compassion, empathy, and concern," Biden said during a speech Saturday night.The announcement about this team comes before other traditional presidential transition team announcements, like potential cabinet members and senior White House staff.Aides to Biden tell media outlets the task force plans to hold frequent televised briefings on the crisis.The task force will be led by three people at this point; former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner David Kessler and Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith of Yale University, a Biden campaign official told NBC, CNN, and Axios. There will reportedly be 12 members of the team."Our work begins with getting COVID under control. We cannot repair the economy, restore our vitality, or relish life’s most precious moments — hugging a grandchild, birthdays, weddings, graduations, all the moments that matter most to us — until we get this virus under control," Biden said. As America voted this week, new coronavirus cases first set a record above 100,000 in a day, and then blew past that reaching above 120,000 new cases in a day.Scientists and health experts have been warning this fall and winter could be “painful,” with Dr. Anthony Fauci repeatedly saying over the last month that the country’s daily coronavirus cases and hospitalizations were going in the “wrong direction” ahead of the winter months.According to Johns Hopkins University data, new daily cases in 47 states and the D.C. area are rising at least 5 percent a day.As of Saturday night, more than 237,000 Americans had died from the coronavirus. 2176

President Donald Trump slammed his administration's top infectious disease expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci, during a conference call with his campaign staff, calling him a "disaster," according to Axios, The Associated Press and NBC News.During the call, Trump reportedly claimed, without evidence, that more than 800,000 people would have died of COVID-19 by now "if I listened to him." As of Monday, more than 200,000 have died of COVID-19.Trump also called Fauci a "nice guy," who had been in his position for "500 years." Fauci has been the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1984.During the call, Trump added that he would be unable to remove Fauci from his position without significant public backlash."Every time he goes on television, there's always a bomb, but there's a bigger bomb if you fire him. This guy's a disaster," Trump said.Trump added during his campaign call that he believed Americans were ready to move on from the COVID-19 crisis."People are tired of COVID. I have these huge rallies," Trump said, according to CNN. "People are saying whatever. Just leave us alone. They're tired of it. People are tired of hearing Fauci and all these idiots."Trump's comments came a day after Fauci was interviewed on 60 Minutes. During that interview, Fauci said he was "absolutely not surprised" to learn that Trump had contracted COVID-19 earlier this month, citing the fact that the President often appeared in large crowds without a mask.Fauci, one of the most plain-spoken members of the White House's coronavirus task force, has said that the Trump administration has taken steps during the pandemic to limit his media appearances. He also criticized the Trump campaign last week after he said it used an interview clip taken in March out of context and without his permission in an ad that has been targeted to key swing states.On Monday, former Vice President Joe Biden issued the following statement on Trump's comments on Dr. Fauci: 2042