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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

WELLINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese lanterns or life from a distant planet?New Zealand meteorologists said Monday they were opting for the former and other mundane explanations after being inundated with reports of UFOs since the start of the New Year.WeatherWatch.co.nz said it normally received "a handful" of eyewitness reports of meteors and lights in the sky, with about 10 reports on a busy day.However, since Sunday, the reports of "floating orbs" and UFOs had been flooding in from around the world at a rate of about 10 each hour.WeatherWatch.co.nz weather analyst Philip Duncan said the reports ranged from "normal meteor sightings to the strange and unusual.""Many people around the world have been outside celebrating the New Year," said Duncan in a statement."In the U.S., where most of the sightings came from, conditions were fairly mild and dry in many areas - so more people were outside to see things. Finally, it's 2012, the year the world is supposed to end according to the Mayans and it seems many are already worrying."One report from Ireland on the weather information company's website said, "At half ten new years eve as My mother and I were heading out of our house to go to town we both saw a strange orange pulsing light. My first guess was it could be a Chinese lantern but it was moving very fast in a perfect straight line. There was no wing and a lantern would sway a little and go up not straight across. The light then began to slow and slightly fade. After a few seconds it got brighter and sped up again until we lost sight of it behind our house. My mother saw the same thing around ten past twelve later that night in the same general area."The statement quoted other reports, including one from Spain: " My father and I saw them in Spain at 00:45 am, but there were 5 or 6 of them all in a vertical line quite close to the earth.""Susana" wrote from an unknown location, "yesterday around 1230 or 1245 there were some red brownish lights first i saw one of them and kind of got my attention and of the sudden there were a BUNCH of them i couldnt count them but i can say there were around 30 lights UFO'S OR CANDLE LIGHTS who knows all i know i saw those lights and were beautiful. Are we ready for the 2012? are we enough educated not to panic?"The WeatherWatch.co.nz statement branded the reports "2012 hysteria.""WeatherWatch.co.nz believes most people witnessed meteors, or shooting stars, Chinese lanterns (which appear as slow moving orange lights) and other normal aircraft such as helicopters and planes," it said.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, began here Monday to deliberate draft interpretations on two annexes of the Basic Law of the Macao concerning election issues.Li Fei, deputy director of the Commission of Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, explained the draft interpretations to lawmakers.The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) was adopted in 1993 and went into effect on Dec. 20, 1999.Annex I to the Basic Law provides a method for selecting the SAR's chief executives while Annex II sets the method for the formation of its legislative assembly.Clause 7 of Annex I of the Basic Law says that if there is a need to amend the method for selecting the Chief Executives for 2009, and the terms subsequent to the year 2009, such amendments must be made with endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Legislative Council and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval.Clause 3 of Annex II says that if there is a need to amend the method of forming the Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region in and after 2009, such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds majority of all the members of the Assembly and the consent of the Chief Executive, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.Li said that the phase "if there is a need to amend ..." should mean that they may or may not be amended.The decision-making on whether such necessity exists is reserved to the central authorities, or the NPC standing committee, said Li, adding that the Macao SAR government, rather than members of the Legislative Assembly, individually or jointly, should be the proper entity to propose any such amendments.Li also explained that if no amendment to the methods is adopted, the two Annexes should still apply.The full text of draft has not been made public yet, but the points raised by Li are identical to those in the committee's prior interpretations on Hong Kong SAR's Basic Law in 2004.During the deliberation, members of the committee noted that draft would help to safeguard Macao's long-term prosperity and stability.They also believed that it was "proper and necessary" to adopt the draft during this week's session as Macao's chief executive Fernando Chui Sai On had made the issue of modifying the method a "major work" in his policy address for the fiscal year 2012.Chui's statement recognized that "there is agreement that it is appropriate to properly modify the two methods in order to adapt to society's development and progress" and promised to "submit a proposal on whether to modify and - if so - how to modify the methods."Macao expects the formation of its fifth Legislative Assembly in 2013, and the selection of its fourth Chief Executive in 2014.

NANJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called for the country to maintain confidence that it can weather challenges amid a "complicated and tough" outlook of economic development."As in 2008, we are now encountering difficulties which can be overcome through hard work," Wen said during his tour to eastern Jiangsu province on Sunday and Monday.Elaborating on the grim situation, Wen said the growth of China's exports has been slowing and the pace of the slowdown has accelerated, especially in the past three months. Meanwhile, the profit margin of the country's manufacturing industry has been squeezed and some enterprises have even fallen into the red.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) talks to staff members in a small loan company for rural areas in Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Suzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Dec. 19, 2011. Wen Jiabao made an inspection tour in Jiangsu on Dec. 18 and 19. He noted that the country is also facing shrinking external demand, rising costs and pressure from both slowing economic growth and high inflation, which makes macro-economic regulation more difficult.Despite emerging challenges, however, the current momentum of China's economic development is "generally good," Wen said.China's economic growth has been slowing all year but remains above the global average. Its GDP growth slowed to 9.1 percent in the third quarter from 9.5 percent in the second quarter and 9.7 percent in the first quarter.To tackle the challenges, Wen said the country will boost domestic demand while stabilizing external demand and keep its export policies such as export tax rebates "basically stable" in the coming year.Efforts should also be made to enhance domestic enterprises' competitiveness, promote the transfer of industry to the country's western regions, and develop the international market, especially in emerging economies, he said.He said China will stick to, and further improve upon, the opening-up policy and welcome foreign enterprises to invest in the country, adding that the country will protect intellectual property rights and implement a fair and open bidding approach in terms of government procurement.Wen also demanded efforts be made to encourage private investment in sectors such as railways, public facilities, finance, energy, education and health-care.Furthermore, he urged banks to take concrete action in better serving the real economy and asked financial institutions to enhance support for enterprises while improving management in order to control the capital bubble and prevent risks.Wen said the southern parts of Jiangsu should engage in a comprehensive development strategy to build the province into a forefront of the country's opening-up drive.

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