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The moon is slowly shrinking over time, which is causing wrinkles in its crust and moonquakes, according to photos captured by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.Unlike Earth, the moon doesn't have tectonic plates. Instead, as the moon's interior has cooled over the last several hundred million years, it has caused the surface to wrinkle as it shrinks. Unlike the flexible skin of a grape when it shrinks into a raisin, the moon's brittle crust breaks. This creates stair-step cliffs called thrust faults as part of the crust is pushed up and over another close part of the crust.There are now thousands of cliffs scattered across the moon's surface, averaging a few miles long and tens of yards high. The orbiter has taken photos of more than 3,500 of them since 2009. In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt had to ascend one of these cliffs, the Lee-Lincoln fault scarp, by zig-zagging the lunar rover over it.Today the moon is 50 meters "skinnier" because of this process. And as it shrinks, the moon actively produces moonquakes along the faults. Researchers re-analyzed seismic data they had from the moon to compare with the images gathered by the orbiter.Data from the seismometers placed on the moon during the Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 missions revealed 28 moonquakes recorded between 1969 and 1977. Researchers compared the location of the epicenters for those quakes with the orbiter imagery of the faults. At least eight of the quakes occurred due to activity along the faults. This rules out the possibility of asteroid impacts or rumblings from the moon's interior.This means that the Apollo seismometers recorded the moon shrinking, the researchers said. The study of Apollo seismic data and analysis of more than 12,000 of the orbiter's photos were published Monday in the journal 1841

Terrorism is an age-old concept.Some people think the first attack happened in the first century against Roman collaborators.But modern terrorism is thought to come out of mid-19th century France, when good-quality, affordable explosives hit the market and radical political movements became more prominent.It came to the U.S. during the same time frame.Today, the terrorism landscape is much different, and so is the response.The FBI says its No. 1 priority is protecting the U.S. from terrorist attacks, regardless of motivation.Terrorism investigations fall into two categories at the FBI: international terrorism and domestic terrorism.The first is when an attack is inspired by or associated with foreign organizations or nations.If the attack or attacks are meant to further a domestic influence’s goals, it’s domestic terror.The FBI’s examples of domestic terror motivations include politics, religion, race and social issues.Domestic terror “remains persistent” overall, according to the FBI.The FBI says people cross the line from exercising First Amendment freedoms to committing crimes in hopes of furthering violent agendas.Terrorism has evolved immensely since 9/11.The FBI says lone offenders and the internet have accelerated that evolution.According to the FBI, lone offenders are tougher to identify and stop because they aren’t always clearly tied to a group.And the internet — social media, in particular — helps terrorists connect with potential recruits more easily.To meet the evolving threat, law enforcement is constantly changing its approach. 1580

The Federal Trade Commission announced a billion settlement with Facebook on Wednesday, resolving a sweeping investigation by regulators into how the company lost control over massive troves of personal data and mishandled its communications with users. It is the largest fine in FTC history — and yet still only about a month's worth of revenue for Facebook.The deal comes amid growing calls in Washington for greater transparency and accountability for technology companies, whose power over social movements as well as personal information has increasingly come to be seen as dangerous by politicians, users, and even one of Facebook's co-founders.Facebook agreed to the deal following years of damaging admissions about the company's privacy practices, such as the inadvertent exposure of up to 87 million users' information to the political analysis firm Cambridge Analytica.The settlement resolves a formal complaint by the FTC alleging that Facebook "used deceptive disclosures and settings" that eroded user privacy, violating a prior agreement Facebook signed with the commission in 2012. Facebook also broke the law, the FTC alleged, by misusing phone numbers obtained for account security purposes to also target advertisements to its users. And the company allegedly deceived "tens of millions of users" by implying that a facial recognition feature on the service had not been enabled by default, when in fact it had."The magnitude of the billion penalty and sweeping conduct relief are unprecedented in the history of the FTC," said Chairman Joseph Simons in a statement. "The relief is designed not only to punish future violations but, more importantly, to change Facebook's entire privacy culture to decrease the likelihood of continued violations."Facebook did not immediately respond to a request for comment.The FTC settlement — which also covers Facebook subsidiaries Instagram and WhatsApp — could set the tone for a wave of further action by policymakers worldwide as they seek to rein in the most powerful players in Silicon Valley.The billion fine is nearly 30 times the FTC's largest-ever civil penalty to date — 8 million, which was levied on Dish Network in 2017 — reflecting the tremendous scale of Facebook's operations, as well as the enormity of its self-admitted mistakes.In addition to the record civil penalty, Facebook also agreed to accept greater oversight of its privacy practices. Under the FTC deal, Facebook's board will form a privacy oversight committee made up of independent members who cannot be fired by CEO Mark Zuckerberg alone. That committee will be charged with appointing still other officials who must periodically and truthfully certify that Facebook is complying with the FTC agreement, or risk being held personally liable. Zuckerberg will also be required to make those same certifications, the FTC said."False certifications would subject Mr. Zuckerberg and the [designated compliance officers] to personal liability, including civil and criminal penalties," Simons said in a statement written jointly with the Commission's two other Republican members, Christine Wilson and Noah Phillips.The FTC also required that regular third-party assessments of Facebook's privacy practices not rely on company materials but instead on the auditor's own fact-finding.The FTC voted 3-2 to approve the settlement, with the agency's two Democrats dissenting because they believed the measure did not go far enough. In dissents, Commissioners Rohit Chopra and Rebecca Slaughter said they believed the fines were far too small, and that the FTC wrongfully gave Zuckerberg and Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg a pass."Failing to hold them accountable only encourages other officers to be similarly neglectful in discharging their legal obligations," wrote Chopra. "In my view, it is appropriate to charge officers and directors personally when there is reason to believe that they have meaningfully participated in unlawful conduct, or negligently turned a blind eye toward their subordinates doing the same."Other prominent tech critics, including Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut and Missouri Republican Sen. Josh Hawley, have said a billion fine would be "a bargain" for Facebook. In an earnings report earlier this year, Facebook said it was setting aside billion to help cover expenses related to the expected penalty. It reported quarterly revenues of billion at the time and its stock rose after it announced the charge, signaling investors were relieved by the probable outcome.For more than a year, Facebook — once the darling of policymakers and a celebrated example of American ingenuity — has lurched from crisis to crisis.This past October, for example, Facebook disclosed that hackers had compromised tens of millions of accounts by exploiting a series of software flaws, culminating in their ability to impersonate users and take over their profiles.The following month, Facebook 4985

The fight over the future of vaping isn't over in Michigan. In September, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer made Michigan the first state to ban the sale of flavored e-cigarettes. The governor argued the flavors lead to teen vaping. Michigan vape shops fought back and got a judge to block the ban. The preliminary injunction is a win for the businesses, but the governor is vowing the fight isn't over yet. "Ninety-percent of the products we sell are e-flavored," says Ron Pease. Pease is the CEO of Mister-E-Liquid in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The ban the governor put in place would cause major damage to his business. "We have 70 employees so that would impact all 70 employees," Pease says. While Whitmer argues vaping attracts youth, Pease disagrees. "That's the wrong path because the target demographic here at Mister-E-Liquid is 35 to 55,” Pease says.The judge that issued the temporary ban cited the damage it would do to businesses like at Mister-E-Liquid.Michigan's governor isn't backing down, vowing to take the case to the Supreme Court. This means a court ruling that lets vape shops sell their flavored liquids now does not mean they will continue to be on shelves forever. "You can’t take away 80-90 percent of your gross sales and still sport the same business as you did before, that’s economics 101," Pease says. 1332

The House Judiciary Committee is prepared to vote next week on a resolution laying out the procedures for its investigation now that it is actively considering moving to impeach President Donald Trump, a major step toward formalizing its sweeping probe, according to multiple sources familiar with the effort.The vote, which is expected to occur on Wednesday, will lay out the ground rules for conducting hearings now that the committee has publicly announced it is considering recommending articles of impeachment against Trump. It is expected to follow the precedent set in 1974 over the committee's procedures during then-President Richard Nixon's impeachment proceedings.Sources told CNN on Friday that the resolution is expected to spell out that Chairman Jerry Nadler, a New York Democrat, has the authority to call hearings at either the full committee or subcommittee level in connection with its impeachment deliberations.The resolution, sources say, is expected to make clear that future House Judiciary hearings can be conducted in ways different from most congressional hearings since the panel is considering impeachment. For instance, the resolution is expected to authorize committee staff counsels to question witnesses, something that is typically not done at congressional hearings.The resolution also will spell out how secret grand jury information can be reviewed in classified sessions. And it will say that the President's counsel can respond in writing to the committee.The exact legislative language is still being drafted and could be introduced as soon as Monday. The committee Democrats discussed the matter on a Friday conference call, 1677

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