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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Veterans Day will mark the last "fee-free" day of the year for visitors at Cabrillo National Monument.On Nov. 11, visitors will not be charged admission to visit the San Diego landmark as part of the National Park Service promotion — offered on several days throughout the year.Those who visit the monument at the tip of Point Loma will take in tremendous views of the San Diego skyline, Coronado, and the bay.RELATED: Bill pushes to add San Diego's Chicano Park to National Park SystemWhile there, living history re-enactors will walk visitors back in time to the Age of Exploration. The glimpse shows how explorers traveled and the tools of their trade.Films are also shown covering Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, the Point Loma lighthouse, and the ecosystem of the area. Inside the lighthouse, visitors can climb its narrow staircase to peek out from the top, learn about lighthouse lights, and how lighthouse keepers lived. A hike outside allows visitors to explore native plants, wildlife and the tide pools along the coast. 1050

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Two teenage boys from Arizona were hailed as heroes after diving off Sunset Cliffs to save the lives of two people who were drowning on Friday evening. It was a happy ending scene, captured by local photographer, Jim Grant on Friday evening as lifeguards hoisted up a young girl off Sunset Cliffs."It just could have been a tragic event," Grant said on Saturday.He says the photo he took would have been a somber one if two teenage boys did not dive in to save the girls before lifeguards got there. But who were they?RELATED: Two rescued at Sunset Cliffs after bystanders jump in to helpWe found them! Meet 15-year-old Jake Watson and 16-year-old Zachary Haugen."We've been best friends since third grade," Haugen said.The two boys from Arizona were vacationing in San Diego for the July 4th weekend."We said, 'Alright, let's go explore around,' and we heard about this place called Sunset Cliffs," Watson said.They say they were soaking in the beautiful sunset Friday evening. But when the boys looked down, they saw two ladies in trouble. A six-grade girl and a family friend were splashing around near the reef. Haugen, a licensed lifeguard for the City of Phoenix, knew exactly what was going on."I'm like, 'Oh my gosh, they're drowning.' So that's when I just knew I had to go in." Haugen recalled.They say the girl was climbing on top of the young woman's head, just to breathe. Haugen first pulled the girl off the woman, but the high surf put his own life at risk."I looked up at Jake," Haugen said. "He's like, 'Do you need help?' And I'm just shaking my head, and that's when he was able to jump in and go after them."At that point, Watson, an avid fisherman and swimmer, dove in to lift the girl."I put her on my back and pressed up, and just kind of rolled her off my shoulder, onto the landing," Watson said.They then pulled the injured young woman up. All this happened in under five minutes before San Diego Lifeguards took over."We were like, 'What just happened?' It just felt surreal," Watson said.Surreal that their summer vacation turned into a life-saving episode, these modest boys will never forget."We just happen to be at the right place at the right time at Sunset Cliffs," Haugen said. 2240

SAN DIEGO (KGTV)— As Governor Jerry Brown visited Ground Zero for the Camp Fire in Paradise, a San Diego woman is doing the same. Corine Finnigan has more than 100 family members who lived in Paradise, and is now driving a truckload of supplies and cash to help them. Her adult niece, Christine Blackburn told 10news about her harrowing escape through the flames. While the fire was inching closer to her car, she shot video. In it, you can hear her trying to comfort her four and six-year-old children, sitting frightened in the backseat. But this escape story is not unique to Blackburn. In fact, her aunt Cynthia Watts also narrowly escaped the fire.“That was the most terrifying experience of my life,” Watts said.The taxi driver lived on the East side of town, where the fire began. Immediately, she packed her car and drove south. Minutes later, she was in bumper to bumper traffic. "I don't think we moved an entire inch in an entire hour,” Watts recalled.She tried driving on the Northbound lanes on Skyway Street, but the jam never let up. So she abandoned her car and ran for her life."I just started hoofing it,” she said. Watts walked and walked, passing rows of cars on the town's main road. She was even offered rides from drivers stuck on the road but refused. That was until she heard a co-worker screaming to get into his truck. The next thing she knew, they were in Chico, with absolutely nothing.“Thank you, God. I got out of there, in the nick [of time],” she said. This escape story is also not unique to Watts. In fact, she has nearly 100 extended family members in the small city, all who are now homeless."They have nothing,” Finnigan said. Finnigan is Watt's youngest sister of thirteen children. While she moved to San Diego a few years ago, Finnigan spent most of her life in Paradise. This year, she and her husband Bryan are spending their 22nd wedding anniversary, driving up supplies to her family.“We look like hoarders now, with bags and bags and bags of clothes, shoes, towel, and toys,” Finnigan said. With the help of her friends and co-workers, she was able to collect the donations, including ,000 in cash for the survivors in the Camp Fire. One miracle, Watts said, was that everyone in their family managed to escape in time.  2336

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — While Girl Scouts won't be arriving door-to-door at the moment, cookie fans can still their fix.To abide by social distancing orders due to the coronavirus, the Girl Scouts are moving cookie sales and donations online. If you worry that spending too much time at home with Girl Scout cookies is hazardous to your waistline, the scouting organization is also allowing donations of cookies to first responders and health care workers on the frontline."But you can still buy your favorite cookies online today and have them shipped to your door—or donate cookies and we'll distribute them safely to provide comfort to first responders, volunteers, and local causes in need," the group posted online.All users need to do is head online to place an order or make a donation. Thin Mints, Caramel deLites (Samoas), Peanut Butter Sandwiches, and more are all there, just shipped to doors instead.There's no limit on order size and cookies ship nationwide. 974