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WASHINGTON, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced Thursday a joint, large-scale, national study of tobacco users to monitor and assess the behavioral and health impacts of new government tobacco regulations.The initiative is the first large-scale NIH/FDA collaboration on tobacco regulatory research since the U.S. Congress granted FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products in an act in 2009. Scientists at NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse and the FDA's Center for Tobacco Products will coordinate the effort."The launch of this study signals a major milestone in addressing one of the most significant public health burdens of the 21st century," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "The results will strengthen FDA's ability to fulfill our mission to make tobacco-related death and disease part of America's past and will further guide us in targeting the most effective actions to decrease the huge toll of tobacco use on our nation's health."Investigators will follow more than 40,000 users of tobacco- product and those at risk for tobacco use ages 12 and older. They will examine what makes people susceptible to tobacco use; evaluate use patterns and resulting health problems; study patterns of tobacco cessation and relapse in the era of tobacco regulation; evaluate the effects of regulatory changes on risk perceptions and other tobacco-related attitudes; and assess differences in attitudes, behaviors and key health outcomes in racial-ethnic, gender, and age subgroups."We are pleased to collaborate with the FDA on this study that may provide us with a better understanding of the impact of product regulation on tobacco prevention and cessation," said NIH Director Francis Collins.While smoking rates have dropped significantly since their peak in the 1960s, nearly 70 million Americans ages 12 and older were current users of tobacco products in 2010. As a result, death and disease caused by tobacco use is still a tremendous public health burden. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Cigarette smoking results in more than 443,000 premature deaths in the United States each year -- more than alcohol, illegal drug use, homicide, suicide, car accidents, and AIDS combined.
BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- Many parts of the United States are planning to offer free HIV tests for people on Dec. 1 in honor of World AIDS Day, according to media report Monday.Officials in Washington will provide free HIV tests at area-based food stamp offices, Medicaid offices, and government assistance offices.U.S. WMCA Health Services is to offer free Rapid HIV testing to all from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Dec. 1, 2011 at their office at 179 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Maine. People getting an HIV test can get their results in 20 minutes from the confidential testing. Free chlamydia and gonorrhea testing will also be offered for all woman age 26 and under and all men.They can either call the clinic to make an appointment or walk to the office directly for free testing. They also have chances to get food, giveaways and gift cards if they get there early.More than 40 vendors are expected to take part in the second annual World AIDS Day hosted by the Lake County Health Department on Dec. 1. The free event will begin from noon and be over at 4 p.m. at Donnelly Park, 530 N. Donnelly St. in Mount Dora, Florida. World AIDS Day is a global campaign to end AIDS and help bring awareness of the disease worldwide.

HOUSTON, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- NASA Johnson Space Center on Tuesday formed a partnership with Texas's largest tech incubator and accelerator, the Houston Technology Center (HTC), to help reach its goals of increasing private and public collaboration.The strategic partnership is aimed at expanding HTC's mission of accelerating the growth of emerging technology companies in the Houston region to support NASA's goals of increasing private and public cooperation, the parties said in news release."We are excited to partner with NASA Johnson Space Center in an effort to foster entrepreneurial opportunities to the transitioning workforce in the Bay Area," said Walter Ulrich, CEO of Houston Technology Center."The combination of NASA's incredible technologies and HTC's powerful entrepreneurial resources presents the potential for immense economic development," he said.HTC is committed to growing a sustainable entrepreneurial network that will benefit the surrounding the space center for years to come including its future missions beyond low earth orbit. HTC will seed the future workforce through its close ties with the major universities and with science, technology, engineering, math programs and objectives, according to the news release.NASA and the Houston Technology Center began their partnership earlier this year when they originally formed plans to open an office to help former contractors near the Johnson Space Center.With the signing of the Space Act Agreement on Tuesday, the two sides move forward with retraining contractors and helping them get new jobs in the Houston area.An estimated 4,000 people are expected to lose their jobs when the space shuttle program is completed.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.
BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A majority of the emergency hospitalizations for bad events related to medication use in old U.S. adults stem from four common medications, according to a new study in the New England Journal of Medicine Monday.The study was conducted by researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of U.S.There are nearly 100,000 emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans, says researcher Daniel S. Budnitz, MD, MPH, director of the CDC's Medication Safety Program.And the four types of medication -- two for diabetes and two blood-thinning agents -- account for two-thirds of those drug-related emergency hospitalizations. They most often cited: warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); insulin; antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix); oral hypoglycemic agents."Both blood thinners and diabetes medicines are critical drugs that can be lifesaving," Budnitz says.However, he says that ''these are medications that you do need to pay attention to," being sure the dose and timing are correct, among other measures.
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