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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The latest ABC News national polling average shows former Vice President Joe Biden leading President Donald Trump by 8 points.But a lot of people are wondering, can we trust the polls after what happened in 2016?The last time Donald Trump was on the ballot in 2016, the polls had him trailing former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton by an average of 3.2 percentage points, and we know what happened.However, pollsters weren’t off by as much as you might think.“At the national level, the polling was, remarkably, given all things, precise,” said Jay Leve, CEO of the polling firm SurveyUSA.Trump lost the popular vote by 2.1 points instead of 3.2, the most accurate these national polls had been in 80 years, according to an analysis by the American Association for Public Opinion Research.Where the polls did miss badly was at the state level, particularly in Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, three states that were critical in the Electoral College.Leve said there were several reasons for the polling problems at the state level.“Polling is a very expensive undertaking and so it is not possible for the handful of media organizations with pockets deep enough to afford a public opinion poll to be able to poll in every critical battleground state,” he said.Another reason? “Some of it has to do with what’s called ‘weighting,’” he added.To understand weighting, you have to know the two R’s of a good poll: it needs to be representative and random.Random samples are critical to the accuracy of polling, and you can look to your kitchen for an example why. Picture adding salt to a soup. If you mix it right, you can check the taste with any one spoonful -- you don’t have to eat the entire pot. That’s because each spoonful is a truly random sample.If you don’t mix the salt in, you could easily wind up sampling a part of the soup without any salt.When you’re trying to sample the American public with a political poll, either over the phone or most of the time now online, it’s more challenging to get a perfectly random spoonful.“The challenge is to find the individuals in the right numbers and secure their cooperation. Those two things don’t automatically work in sync,” Leve said. “People don’t want to be disturbed. They want privacy and a pollster by definition is an interruption.”It turns out, certain people tend to resist taking polls, while others are more willing. Research shows people with college degrees are more likely to respond to surveys than high school grads.That means surveys run the risk of not being representative of the voter population at large, and Leve said that kind of imbalance played a big role in 2016.To make a sample representative, pollsters gather up as many responses as they can, then adjust them with a process called weighting -- basically boosting or shrinking responses from people with certain demographics to match census data and the expected turnout.“The weighting criteria that was in issue in 2016 was whether you had enough non-college educated white voters in your sample,” Leve said. “If you did, you got the Trump forecast correct.”State polls that didn’t weight by education level missed badly, because to an extent far greater than in previous elections, voters with a college education broke for Clinton while voters with a high school education backed Trump.There’s some evidence that pollsters have learned from their 2016 mistakes. Polling in the 2018 midterms was very accurate -- a full point better than the average over the last 20 years.So can we trust the polls this time around?Leve says yes, as long as you remember that polls are just a snapshot in time and Donald Trump is difficult to predict.“Don’t be surprised if something happens in the final four, five, six days of the election, right before November 3rd, that’s so unforeseeable that neither you nor I nor anyone watching us could have imagined. And if so, that’s going to throw all the polls off,” he said. 3979

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Surgeons at UC San Diego are using new technology that offers more options for patients who have complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. UC San Diego Health System is the first on the West Coast to use Dynamic Morphology Correction, a type of 3D imaging. It allows surgeons to compare scans taken before the procedure to real-time pictures during the surgery.Dr. Mahmoud Malas, Chief of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery at UC San Diego, says this type of technology uses minimal iodine contrast which lessens the chance of kidney problems for 25 percent of patients dealing with aneurysms.The data from this technology helps surgeons across the country.Dr. Malas adds, " They create prediction models that helps future surgeons perform procedures more accurately." 795

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The memories came flooding back for Vietnam veteran Ray Hildreth as he returned to Camp Pendleton 50 years later. He wanted to tour his old unit, the 1st Recon Battalion."Looking at the mountains, I remember having to run up and down them!"And while the current 1st Recon Battalion Marines may not recognize Hildreth, they know his story. In June of 1966, Hildreth's unit was stationed on Hill 488 in the jungles of Vietnam. Before the week was over, they would fight the battle that would make them the most highly decorated small unit in the entire history of the U.S. military, winning a Congressional Medal of Honor, four Navy Crosses, thirteen Silver Stars, and eighteen Purple Hearts—some of them posthumously.There were just 18 of them when they encountered the enemy, a battalion of over 200. "Early on in the battle, and all the Marines here can identify with this, the NVA yelled out 'Marines you die in an hour,' and we had some colorful words to say back to them, and said, come and get us," remembers Hildreth.The late Staff Sergeant Jimmie Howard served as platoon leader with 1st Reconnaissance Battalion and led the defense of Hill 488 when attacked by the North Vietnamese.Howard had combat experience from Korea, and Hildreth credits the leader with keeping them alive. "Sergeant Howard said, 'Laugh at them!' And we did, we laughed out loud at them. Later I went back to Vietnam, 2011. I met one of the NVA we fought against. I asked him, what did you think when we laughed at you? He said we thought you were a much bigger unit. And it was that laugh, I'm sure of, that made them not just try to walk over the top of the hilltop and take us," said Hildreth. When they were out of grenades, the men began throwing rocks. "If we hadn't laughed at them, by sheer numbers, they could've walked across the top of the hill and killed us. At the end of the day, there were maybe eight rounds of ammunition left between us."The unit killed an estimated 200 people.Of the 18, all were wounded, and six died. Hildreth wrote a book about the battle, titled Hill 488."I thought people needed to know about the battle, not everyone went over there took drugs and smoked pot," said Hildreth. "We went over there with a different outlook, we're supposed to be here, there's a reason for it, and we done our job. We didn't protest."During the visit, Hildreth was accompanied by some of Staff Sergeant Howard's family members. 2456

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The California Coastal Commission Wednesday signed off on a demonstration of the lighting project that would illuminate pillars of the Coronado Bay Bridge.The project will include installing lights along four pillars of the bridge, which will be tested during one week in June. Following the test, an environmental impact study will be conducted.The tests are part of a larger effort for a proposed artist-designed lighting project that would span 30 pillars of the 2.12-mile bridge. The Port of San Diego is trying to raise between - million to complete the project by 2022.At completion, the Port hopes to have a finished lighting display by artist Peter Fink, meant to serve as a gateway to the region and in a variety of scenarios using its programmable LED displays. Several sections of the bridge were illuminated last April during a study of the project. 894

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Sure thousands of San Diegans can't go a week without eating avocado, but how well do they truly know the magical fruit?Enter The Cado, a pop-up experience coming to Liberty Station this summer and offering a unique look at California's favorite food.Tickets must be purchased online ahead of time and are offered in limited quantity. Tickets are and children under 3 years old are free. Wednesday's will offer special family pricing. RELATED: Produce proposal? People using avocados to proposeGuests will be taken on an hour-long tour into what makes avocados so delicious and special to California. Exhibits will build upon each other, immersing visitors into the pit of avocado fun."Built out of 16 shipping containers fused together to create an expansive mobile structure, you’ll walk into our lobby and be fully immersed in a story as each exhibit builds on the one before," organizers say. "Get ready to see the California Avocado in a new light as you walk through the skin and into the fruit."Special avocado-themed tastings are also planned and organizers promise The Cado will be ripe for photography.The pop-up museum will run on select days from June 16 to July 15. 1254