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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

HELSINKI, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- A data leak was uncovered in Finland Saturday, in which personal details of around 16,000 people were uploaded onto a file-sharing website, according to Finnish media report on Monday.This act of sabotage is the largest ever of its kind in Finland. The data leak is being looked into by the Finnish National Bureau of Investigation.Anonymous Finland claimed on Monday responsibility for the publication of personal details of thousands of Finns. The group temporarily published a sample of information on 16,000 people as proof of the hack. The hack was motivated by an apparent desire to shame the Finnish government into improving data security.Finnish National Bureau of Investigation has not confirmed the claims that a loose group of hackers known as Anonymous was behind the data leak.The list that was put on the Internet contains the names, full social security numbers, addresses, telephone numbers, street addresses, and email addresses of the victims. Several upper secondary vocational education institutions are on the list, and some civil servants and students of the Police College of Finland are mentioned by name.Finnish police have confirmed that the names of some Finnish Defense Forces staff are on the list. Finnish Defense Forces found out that fewer than 10 of its employees are included, and has informed these people. The military said the leak did not pose a security threat.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- China restored 23,000 hectares of wetlands in 2011, according to the latest figures from the State Forestry Administration (SFA).An SFA spokesman said China reinforced wetland protection in 2011 by increasing subsidies in protecting wetlands. In the year the country carried out 42 wetland protection projects, increased 330,000 hectares of protected wetland areas, added four wetlands of international importance and 68 national wetland parks.The spokesman said in 2012 the country will further step up wetland protection and restoration, finish the second national wetland resources investigation and carry out pilot projects in assessing healthy conditions of the wetland ecological system.So far China has built more than 550 wetland natural reserves, 37 wetlands of international importance, which were listed in the Ramsar international wetland convention, and 100 national wetland parks. About half of the country's natural wetlands have been brought under effective protection, the SFA said.

HONOLULU, the United States, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming has said that China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, launched at the beginning of last year, accords with the mutual interests of China and ten nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and brings advantage to both sides.Chen made the remarks during his meetings with Indonesian Trade Minister Gita Wirijawan and Thai Deputy Prime Minister and Commerce Minister Kittirat Na Ranong on Friday on the sidelines of the week-long Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings held in Honolulu, Hawaii.According to information made available to Xinhua Saturday, Chen said in his meeting with Gita that China and Indonesia have witnessed a sound development of bilateral economic and trade relations. The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area has provided a new platform for the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, with more benefits and opportunities for enterprises from both countries.Chinese enterprises, especially those from the southern part of China, are keen to invest in Indonesia, said Chen, adding that China would like to discuss with Indonesia on creating areas similar to industrial parks so as to attract more Chinese enterprises and enterprises from other countries to invest in the Southeast Asian country.Gita said Indonesia will commit to the consensus reached between leaders of both countries to increase the volume of bilateral trade from current 34 billion U.S. dollars to 80 billion U.S. dollars in three or four years.He welcomed Chinese enterprises to invest in Indonesia, adding it will be conducive to the realization of the trade goal.Saying that the economies of Indonesia and China have been complimentary to each other, Gita expressed the will of comprehensive and long-term cooperation between both sides.During his meeting with Kittirat, Chen first expressed sympathy to the flood victims in the country, saying that China would like to offer assistance to the rescue and reconstruction efforts and strengthen cooperation in areas including infrastructure construction with Thailand.He said China and ASEAN nations should promote the substantial cooperation among member nations of the China-ASEAN free trade area, the largest free trade area in the world, improve infrastructure including highways, railroads, ports, telecommunication and electricity, so as to benefit the enterprises and people in the regions.China encourages enterprises to invest in the ASEAN nations and would like to conduct cooperation with enterprises from Thailand and other countries, Chen added.Kittirat, expressing his gratitude to China's help to the flood disaster, said that Thailand attaches great importance to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Noting that Chinese enterprises are well-experienced in the construction of highways, railroads and bridges, he said Thailand welcomes Chinese enterprises to participate the construction and investment projects in these areas.

BEIJING, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's official website for booking train tickets received a daily average of more than 1 billion hits during the first week of January, according to a railway official.Hu Yadong, vice minister of railways, said Sunday that the online ticket sales platform has provided consumers with a convenient way to buy tickets. He also addressed complaints about the fairness of the sales process."Train tickets sold online or by telephone have topped 2 million daily, meaning that around one-third of passengers don't have to wait in line at train stations for several hours to get a ticket," Hu said.However, many Chinese have expressed dissatisfaction with the website, with some people unable to get train tickets home for this year's Spring Festival holiday, a major holiday in China.Several customers posted their complaints on popular microblogging website weibo.com, stating that the booking site often failed due to "too many visits at the same time."The Spring Festival holiday is always a difficult time for China's public transportation authorities. A total of 3.16 billion passenger trips are expected during the holiday, up 9.1 percent from a year earlier, of which 235 million trips will be made via the country's railways, up 6.1 percent year-on-year, said Hu.This year's transport rush in the Spring Festival Season started on Sunday and will end on Feb. 16, according to the Ministry of Railways.