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JAKARTA, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- Comprehensive efforts are needed to save coral reefs as their living compound is prone to environmental damage, an Indonesian expert told Xinhua in an exclusive interview on Tuesday.Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie, coordinator of Coral Reef Information and Training Center (CRITC) for western Indonesia at the Indonesian Science Institute, the government think-tank institution, said that currently only more than five percent of coral reefs in Indonesia are in "excellent condition.""Based on monitoring of the thousands of observation stations we have, the rest are in damage, bad and moderate condition," Sjafrie said in her office.She said that it is not impossible to increase the number as long as all people are aware of the importance to save coral reefs."People should be aware that coral reefs live in sea with warm enough temperature of 18-25 Celsius degree with certain level of brightness, among others. If the requirements are fulfilled, we can see coral reef growing safely," said Sjafrie.She also said it needs upstream-to-downstream arrangement to support the efforts."For example, in western Indonesia, we have many big rivers. If illegal logging practice keeps continuing, it will cause sedimentation in the sea. It means there is a decreasing quality. So, coral reef salvation is not only conducted in ocean," Sjafrie said.She also expressed concern that many people dump garbage in rivers."They throw their garbage in plastic bags. For plastic only, it takes 100 years to be completely decomposed. Let's say 10-15 percent of our people do the malpractice everyday, you can imagine how many garbage entering the sea," she said.Sjafrie said that the key to guard coral reef sustainability is in human habit."Coral reef destruction could be caused by nature such as tsunami, earthquake, crown torn (Acanthaster plancii) that consumes coral reefs. But the biggest factor is human with their destructive fishing using bombs," she said.According to Sjafrie, people do the practice with three causes, namely ignorance, needs and greed.She added that efforts have been conducted by the government, private sector and non governmental organizations (NGOs) to save coral reefs."We have a program called the CORMAP of Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program. The government uses instrument of National Program of People Empowerment while NGOs do their part. If we could combine the actions, we could reach the same goal," she said.She added that the government train people to be productive by providing skills and in the same time, her organization and NGOs socialize and campaign the importance of coral reefs."When people have better jobs and activities and they are equipped with the awareness, they will do positive thing and stop destroying the sea," Sjafrie said.

ROME, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- The 30th general assembly of the International Council for Science (ICSU) kicked off here on Tuesday to address key global challenges, featuring over 275 scientists and experts from all over the world.The goal of the four-day event, hosted for the first time in Rome by the National Research Center (CNR) as Italy's scientific member at ICSU, is to discuss how science can contribute to boosting sustainable development, fighting climate change, increasing well-being and health in the changing urban environment and tackling the side-effects of progress.At the official opening ceremony, CNR president Francesco Profumo stressed that scientific research was the key to solving all current crises."It's during times of crises that inventions, great strategies and discoveries are made," he said quoting Albert Einstein."Global cooperation is crucial in addressing society's needs. In the wake of the negative economic outlook we are witnessing research and technological transfer can turn into efficient instruments to guide countries towards a solid development giving us the tools to tackle with lucidity the great obstacles we face," observed Profumo.Appealing to both private and public institutions, Profumo thus urged to boost strategic partnerships between universities, governments and research centres."We must create a network of knowledge-sharing together with enterprises in order to multiply and better implement growth and well-being opportunities. But in order to do so concrete political decisions must be undertaken and financial resources are needed," he added.

THE HAGUE, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- ESBL-enzymes, which are known for their ability to stop the effects of antibiotics, can directly pass from chicken to people, said a research published on Tuesday.Veterinary researcher Dik Mevius of the Wageningen University released the finding in the magazine Resource.The research group led by Mevius has isolated six ESBL-genes varieties and compared them to bacteria found on hospital patients, on super market poultry and in laying batteries. In 35 percent of all cases, they discovered a match of 100 percent.Bacteria like Klebsiella on E. coli can produce the ESBL-enzymes. A healthy person will not feel any effect, but people with a lower immune system can get very sick. In areas like a hospital, the infection can easily spread."The main concern is that the enzyme resists the most used antibiotics, which makes the treatment of infected persons difficult," said Mevius.According to Mevius, 94 percent of supermarket poultry carries the enzyme, but all enzymes will be killed during the heating process of cooking.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- Apple on Tuesday announced an invitation-only special event featuring iPhone on Oct. 4, 2011.With a simple headline reading "Let's talk iPhone," the invitation said that there will be an "executive presentation at 10 a.m.." This could be the first big product introduction by the newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook after he took over the reins of Apple from Steve Jobs in August.The event, which will be held at Apple campus in Cupertino, California, has long been reported to be the introduction of iPhone 5, the next generation iPhone.According to U.S. media reports, the iPhone 5 is expected to have revamped hardware design with a larger screen, a higher resolution camera and a faster dual-core A5 chip on which the iPad 2 runs. Apple is also reported to release a low-cost and contract- free iPhone model bundled with its cloud computing service iCloud.

BEIJING, Sept. 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Weather forecasts showed that Thursday or Friday might be suitable for launching the Tiangong-1 spacecraft, experts said.The unmanned spacecraft, part of China's first spacecraft rendezvous and docking mission, was set to blast off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China at an appropriate time between Tuesday and Friday.But the latest weather forecast showed that Tuesday and Wednesday would not be suitable for a launch, Cui Jijun, chief commander of the mission's launch site system, was quoted by China National Radio as saying on Sunday.A precondition for launching is that the average wind speed at the launch site should not be faster than 10 meters a second. The upper-level wind, at 300 meters to 25,000 meters above the Earth, should be no faster than 70 meters a second.The 8.5-ton Tiangong-1 spacecraft and the Long March II-F rocket stand at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Sept 20. The spacecraft is set to blast off at an appropriate time between Tuesday and Friday.If the wind is too strong, the rising rocket carrier could wiggle and pose a danger, experts said."Everything is ready now except for the right weather," Cui said.On Sunday afternoon, all systems of the Tiangong-1 project went through a joint maneuver, he said. Before that, the 8.5-ton spacecraft, and the Long March II-F rocket that will carry it skyward, were positioned onto the launch pad last Tuesday.Engineers carried out checkups on the conditions of the rocket and the spacecraft, among many other tests in the past few days. All preparation work is done except for fuel loading, he said.Wang Xiaoqing, a publicity official at the launch site, said that the fuel loading usually begins one day before the launch. Once the fuel is loaded into the carrier vehicle, the launch becomes "irreversible".Tiangong-1, or Heavenly Palace 1, will serve as "a target spacecraft" for three rendezvous and docking experiments.The spacecraft rendezvous and docking missions are expected to pave the way for the building of a planned space station scheduled for 2020, previous reports said.Following Tiangong-1, an unmanned Shenzhou VIII spaceship will blast off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center later this year.Lu Jinrong, chief engineer of the mission's launch site system, said that it is rare that two launches of China's manned space program are scheduled in half a year."In the past, the launch site carried out one launch a year, or even one every two to three years," he said."We are already in a high-frequency launch period."