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WASHINGTON, July 13 (Xinhua) -- Human neural stem cells are capable of helping people regain learning and memory abilities lost due to radiation treatment for brain tumors, a University of California, Irvine (UCI) study suggests.Research with rats found that stem cells transplanted two days after cranial irradiation restored cognitive function, as measured in one- and four-month assessments. In contrast, irradiated rats not treated with stem cells showed no cognitive improvement."Our findings provide solid evidence that such cells can be used to reverse radiation-induced damage of healthy tissue in the brain," said Charles Limoli, a UCI radiation oncology professor.Study results will appear Friday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Radiotherapy for brain tumors is limited by how well the surrounding tissue tolerates it. Patients receiving radiation at effective levels suffer varying degrees of learning and memory loss that can adversely affect their quality of life."In almost every instance, people experience severe cognitive impairment that's progressive and debilitating," Limoli said. " Pediatric cancer patients can experience a drop of up to three IQ points per year."For the UCI study, multipotent human neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats that had undergone radiation treatment. They migrated throughout the hippocampus -- a region known for the growth of new neurons -- and developed into brain cells.Researchers assessed the rats one month and four months after transplantation, noting enhanced learning and memory abilities at both intervals.Additionally, they found that transplanting as few as 100,000 human neural stem cells was sufficient to improve cognition after cranial irradiation. Of cells surviving the process, about 15 percent turned into new neurons, while another 45 percent became astrocytes and oligodendrocytes -- cells that support cerebral neurons.Most notably, Limoli said, he and his colleagues discovered that about 11 percent of the engrafted cells expressed a behaviorally induced marker of learning, indicating the functional integration of those cells into memory circuits in the hippocampus."This research suggests that stem cell therapies may one day be implemented in the clinic to provide relief to patients suffering from cognitive impairments incurred as a result of their cancer treatments," Limoli said.
ULAN BATOR, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The Mongolian government has confirmed equine influenza, a disease that mainly affects horses, broke out in 14 provinces.The government's news office announced the confirmation Tuesday after suspected cases were recently discovered in 18 provinces of the country, where horses still play a key role.According to a Mongolian government report, Mongolian Vice Premier M. Enkhbold called a state emergency situation committee meeting on Monday to respond to the epidemic.Millions of horses will need to be vaccinated, given cases of the disease have been discovered in all but three provinces -- Bayan-Ulgii, Zavkhan and Umnugobi.Equine influenza usually broke out in spring and fall, said an official of the Mongolian veterinarian and breeding bureau. He urged vaccination to be carried out as soon as possible.Mongolia has experienced several equine influenza outbreaks in the past few decades. Outbreaks in Khovd province in 2007 and 2008 caused huge losses to the local livestock industry.Animal husbandry is a dominant factor in the agriculture sector of Mongolia, which has more than 40 million livestock, 2 million of which are horses.

SYDNEY, June 29 (Xinhua) -- A type of dried seaweed sold in Asian food supermarkets in Australia has been recalled after it was found to have high levels of iodine dangerous to pregnant women, local media reported on Wednesday.Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) has ordered the recall of Wang Dried Kelp Varech Speche, a Korean brand of the dried seaweed, according to Australian Associated Press (AAP).It has been available in Asian grocery stores and restaurants in the Brisbane and Gold Coast areas of Queensland."The product contains high levels of naturally occurring iodine," FSANZ said in a statement."Regular consumption of these products may cause health problems in some people including pregnant and breastfeeding women."FSANZ said consumers concerned about their health should seek medical advice and should return the products to the place of purchase for a full cash refund.
BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Researchers have discovered how a human egg captures an incoming sperm for fertilization, paving the way to help couples suffering from infertility, according to media reports on Monday.An international team of researchers found that a sugar chain known as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence (SLeX) makes the outer coat of the egg “sticky,” which has proven to be helpful in binding the egg and the sperm.As a result, this observation has filled in a huge gap in the understanding of fertility and provides hope for ultimately helping couples who currently cannot conceive.Scientists and doctors know that a sperm identifies an egg when proteins on the head of the sperm match and bind to a series of specific sugars in the egg’s outer coating. With a successful match of proteins, the outside surfaces of the sperm and egg then bind together before merging, which is then followed by delivery of sperm’s DNA into egg.To identify this molecules, the researchers used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology to observe and identify which molecules are most likely to be key in the binding process.They experimented with a range of synthesised sugars in the laboratory and found that it is SLeX that specifically binds sperm to an egg.According to the World Health Organisation, infertility affects about 15 percent of reproductive-aged couples around the world and almost one in every seven couples in Britain has problems conceiving a child for various reasons.
SAN FRANCISCO, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday introduced several new features of its search services on desktops and smartphones, which the Internet search giant said could help users get to their search results faster.SEARCH BY VOICE, IMAGESpeaking at Google's Inside Search event in San Francisco, Mike Cohen, head of the company's speech technology efforts, said its voice search is now available in 27 languages and dialects, an estimated coverage of around 5 billion people or two-thirds of world population.Voice search has already been available in Google's mobile search application from 2008. Adding the feature to desktops is part of Google's strategy to bring mobile innovations to its desktop search.The voice search on desktop performs similarly to voice search on smartphones -- users can click the microphone button and speak the query. It is only available via Google's Chrome browser for now.Cohen noted that the volume of Google mobile speech inputs has increased by six times in the last year.Also at the event, Google introduced search-by-image, which enables users to drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste image URL, or upload the image from the desktop into the search box. They can also use a Chrome or FireFox software extension to add images to the search.Google said the search-by-image feature will be available in most countries and regions over the next few days to Chrome users, noting that it will not collect and store any images that users use.
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