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ATLANTA, Ga. – Tuesday marks the first day of fall, which means people across the country are beginning to plan their Thanksgiving festivities.With the COVID-19 pandemic still ongoing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wants Americans to keep coronavirus risks in mind.Specifically, the CDC wants people to know that traveling for the holidays increases your chance of contracting or spreading the coronavirus.“Thanksgiving is a time when many families travel long distances to celebrate together,” the CDC wrote in an updated guidance. “Travel increases the chance of getting and spreading the virus that causes COVID-19.”The CDC says staying home is the best way to protect yourself and others, but if you must travel, health officials want you to be informed of the risks involved.The agency says these are considered lower-risk activities:Having a small dinner with only people who live in your householdPreparing traditional family recipes for family and neighbors, especially those at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19, and delivering them in a way that doesn’t involve contact with othersHaving a virtual dinner and sharing recipes with friends and familyShopping online rather than in person on the day after Thanksgiving or the next MondayWatching sports events, parades, and movies from homeThese are considered moderate-risk activities:Having a small outdoor dinner with family and friends who live in your community (Lower your risk by following CDC’s recommendations on hosting gatherings or cook-outs)Visiting pumpkin patches or orchards where people use hand sanitizer before touching pumpkins or picking apples, wearing masks is encouraged or enforced, and people are able to maintain social distancingAttending a small outdoor sports events with safety precautions in placeThese activities are considered higher-risk and the CDC says they should be avoided to help prevent the spread of the virus:Going shopping in crowded stores just before, on, or after ThanksgivingParticipating or being a spectator at a crowded raceAttending crowded paradesUsing alcohol or drugs, which can cloud judgment and increase risky behaviorsAttending large indoor gatherings with people from outside of your householdClick here to learn more from the CDC about how to protect yourself and others from the coronavirus. 2352

Back-to-school shopping is an expensive chore in a normal year; this year is anything but normal. But with August upon us, stores are putting out back-to-school displays in anticipation of children needing to learn, whether in the classroom or at home.Two-fifths (40%) of parents with children in K-12 or college anticipate their children will be attending classes in a hybrid environment (both in-person and remote) in the fall of 2020, according to a new NerdWallet survey conducted online July 16-20 by The Harris Poll among over 600 parents. Planning for multiple scenarios could result in the need for increased back-to-school spending, but many may not have the extra money this year.Nearly half (47%) of parents expect they’ll spend less on back-to-school shopping than they otherwise would, due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to the survey. Of them, 40% say it’s because their household income has been affected by the pandemic and related economic effects.On the other hand, one-fifth (20%) of parents expect to spend more this year on back-to-school purchases than they otherwise would, due to the pandemic. Of them, 54% think they’ll be spending more to outfit a home learning environment, and 50% will be spending more to account for supplies for both in-person and at-home learning.“Saving on back-to-school shopping takes some strategizing in a normal school year, but this year poses unique challenges: Not only is it harder to know what students might need, but many families are eyeing big purchases to make remote learning easier, including electronics and desks,” says Kimberly Palmer, personal finance expert at NerdWallet. “At the same time, many families have less room in their budget to make new purchases because of the pandemic.”1. Shop for the short termWhether you’re spending less this year out of necessity or you’re anticipating having to spend more: Buy only what you need. If 2020 has taught us anything, it’s that well-laid plans can change. So purchase what you need to get the school year started and plan to supplement those purchases as the semester unfolds. You may find that some items get less expensive as the seasons change.“Unless you have your eye on a specific type of computer or another item that could sell out, it’s OK to wait to make your purchases until after the school year begins — in fact, that’s when you see many of the best deals,” Palmer says.2. Take advantage of credit card rewardsMore than half (53%) of parents who will back-to-school shop this year plan to use a credit card on those purchases, according to the survey. Putting your expenses on a cash-back credit card could put your money to work for you. You may even reap enough to cover next year’s back-to-school expenses entirely. Just make sure you’re able to pay off the balance each cycle, as interest can quickly negate any benefits.3. Check prices before and after shoppingPrice matching involves comparing identical items at other stores and asking a retailer to match a lower price. The trick may not make sense for a package of pencils, but for clothing, electronics and other higher-dollar items, a successful price match could save you tens of dollars, if not more.Check a retailer’s website for its price matching policy details. Many will also refund the price difference if you spot a cheaper price within a certain time frame after the purchase.4. Team up to buy in bulkRegardless of where your child is learning this fall, they’ll need supplies that other students are also after. By teaming up with other parents, you can purchase things like hand sanitizer and supplies for homework and note-taking in bulk. If your child’s teacher is reluctant to give out parents’ contact information, ask if they would send out yours in a group email so other parents can reach you if they’re interested in group savings.“With many parents focused on at-home learning, you can also find savings by teaming up with other families in your neighborhood on purchases,” Palmer says. “Some communities are forming ‘pandemic pods’ to share the burden of teaching at home and keep kids socialized — pooling school supplies across the pod can spread the expenses and make them more manageable.”5. Shop on tax-free holidaysSixteen states are having sales tax holidays in August 2020. Most of them last through a full weekend, and some even longer. Retailers that offer online ordering for in-store pickup may require you to order and pick up on those particular days to reap the tax-free benefits. The specifics of each state’s holiday vary, but generally, they allow you to purchase certain back-to-school items without paying sales tax.6. Practice and teach thriftinessIf money is very tight, your child might be able to reuse some of last year’s supplies such as their backpack or leftover pencils and notebooks. You can also shop secondhand on sites like Poshmark or thredUP for clothing throughout the school year. And don’t be afraid to ask for help — many schools are putting programs in place that help outfit homes with the technology needed for remote learning.If your child isn’t accustomed to having to make sacrifices like this, use them as a teachable moment. Older kids can learn the complexities of managing a budget, a tool they’ll need in adulthood, and younger ones can learn what saving money means and help you search for the lowest prices.“Some communities are also organizing online volunteer opportunities for high schoolers to help match up with elementary school children who need extra help, which can be a great way to provide learning opportunities to both age groups in a safe, free way,” Palmer adds. “This school year will be unlike any other, which means parents and children will have to get more creative with stretching their back-to-school budgets.”More From NerdWalletWhat to Know Before Laying Down Money for a MattressWhat to Buy (and Skip) in FebruaryHere’s When Everything Will Go on Sale in 2020Elizabeth Renter is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: elizabeth@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @elizabethrenter. 6071

Attending college from a laptop in your childhood bedroom might not be the experience you had in mind.But just because you’re not living in a dorm this fall doesn’t mean that expenses disappear. Your cost of attendance might have changed if you’re learning remotely due to COVID-19, but colleges will factor at-home or off-campus living expenses into your overall costs.And you can still use financial aid — including student loans — to pay for them.How cost of attendance worksColleges determine their own cost of attendance for each academic year. This amount factors in all of your direct costs including tuition, fees, room and board, as well as estimates for books, supplies, technology and transportation. Schools often have different cost-of-attendance calculations for students who live in dorms, off campus or even in another state.Your financial aid and student loans are applied first toward tuition and fees, then room and board. Any remaining funds are distributed to you to use for living expenses.Your aid package might shift if your cost of attendance changes.For example, you can borrow money only up to the total cost of attendance; if that number goes down, so does the amount you can borrow. And if any part of your aid package is pegged to living on campus and you no longer are, your aid could change.How cost of attendance is different this yearCost of attendance is adjusted annually, but some schools are modifying their calculations due to the pandemic. For example, Williams College, a private school in Williamstown, Massachusetts, reduced its cost of attendance for 2020-21 by 15%. Williams College is planning a hybrid of in-person and remote learning — students can live on campus if they want to.Schools that go fully remote will have few — or no — options for on-campus housing. And that could mean heading back to your parents’ house or finding off-campus accommodations.Your school might break down the cost of attendance according to your living situation. Here’s what 2020-21 looks like at the University of California, Berkeley, for example, where students will attend remotely for the start of the fall semester:Living in a campus residence hall: ,460.Living in an on-campus apartment: ,876.Living in an off-campus apartment: ,920.Living with relatives: ,492.If your school goes remote, the cost of attendance will be modified for all students. But if you have the choice to return to campus and stay home instead, you must let the college know your plans so your cost is adjusted.“It’s actually less expensive if students stay home and take classes remotely,” says William Hudson Jr., vice president for student affairs at Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, which is planning a hybrid approach.Cost of attendance represents the ceiling on what you can borrow. Every dollar you don’t have to borrow is a dollar you don’t have to repay, with interest, down the road. That means if you stay home rent-free or share an apartment with others to save on living costs, you’re way ahead in the long run.Here are some possible college living arrangements you’ll have in the fall and how to pay for them:Living on campus for in-person or online classesIf your school is operating an in-person or hybrid model where you live on campus, your cost of attendance won’t change, which means your financial aid won’t change either.But your campus could close during the school year due to COVID-19. If this happens, as it did to many colleges last spring, your school will likely reimburse a prorated amount for nontuition costs like room, board and facility fees.Multiple schools that are planning to open in person are also moving to remote instruction after Thanksgiving break. Some schools are also staggering move-in dates. Those factors could alter the total cost of room and board you’re paying this semester.For example, at Penn State University, students will start the fall semester in person but switch to remote learning in late November. To reflect this change, the cost of a standard double room was lowered by 7 — from ,427 to ,820 — and the midlevel meal plan was lowered from ,449 to ,193.Living off campus on your own or with roommatesLiving off campus, you won’t have room and board taken into consideration, but you’ll have additional expenses like rent, groceries and utilities. You can use financial aid to pay these bills.Colleges often use regional data and student surveys to come up with estimates for off-campus rent and utilities, and oftentimes those amounts aren’t too different from living on campus, says Jill Desjean, policy analyst at the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. However, your school will always consider living off campus to be cheaper than living on campus.Montclair State University in New Jersey, for example, estimates that housing and meals for in-state students who live off campus will cost ,068 for the fall semester, compared with ,193 for room and board on campus.Living at home with your parentsYour expenses may be lower at home with your parents than living on your own or on campus, but colleges will factor into their estimates the costs your parents take on by having you home, Desjean says.“When you bring that student back in, the lights are on longer, you have to feed them so the cost of food goes up, heating — everything goes up,” Desjean says. You can use financial aid to offset your contribution to increased home bills.And remember that the school’s cost of attendance impacts how much financial aid you can get, but it’s an estimate rather than an exhaustive list. You might need additional technology and equipment to learn more effectively from home, such as a dedicated desk setup and laptop if you don’t have one.How to get more funds for living expensesIf you or your family run into financial difficulty during the school year, ask your school about getting more financial aid. This requires you to submit a financial aid appeal to your school with a letter and to update the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.You might also qualify for emergency aid such as cash grants, completion scholarships, emergency student loans or vouchers.More From NerdWalletWhat Is College Cost of Attendance?7 Kinds of COVID-19 Relief for College StudentsCollege During COVID-19: Your Aid Questions AnsweredAnna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 6470

Astronomers looking at the atmosphere in neighboring Venus see something that might just be a sign of life.In a study published Monday, researchers from Cardiff University, MIT and elsewhere say they found the chemical signature of a noxious gas called phosphine.On Earth, phosphine is associated with life. It's found at the bottom of ponds, in badger guts and in penguin guano.Venus’ phosphine was observed in a narrow, temperate band within the planet’s atmospheres, where temperatures range from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this layer of the atmosphere, or cloud deck, is likely the only place where it would survive, according to MIT.“This phosphine signal is perfectly positioned where others have conjectured the area could be habitable,” said the study’s co-author and EAPS Research Scientist Janusz Petkowski.Astronomers tried to figure out other, non-biological ways it could be produced and came up empty.“It’s very hard to prove a negative,” said Clara Sousa-Silva, research scientist in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS). “Now, astronomers will think of all the ways to justify phosphine without life, and I welcome that. Please do, because we are at the end of our possibilities to show abiotic processes that can make phosphine.”Outside experts — and the study authors themselves — say the research is tantalizing but not yet convincing. 1454

Astronomers looking at the atmosphere in neighboring Venus see something that might just be a sign of life.In a study published Monday, researchers from Cardiff University, MIT and elsewhere say they found the chemical signature of a noxious gas called phosphine.On Earth, phosphine is associated with life. It's found at the bottom of ponds, in badger guts and in penguin guano.Venus’ phosphine was observed in a narrow, temperate band within the planet’s atmospheres, where temperatures range from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this layer of the atmosphere, or cloud deck, is likely the only place where it would survive, according to MIT.“This phosphine signal is perfectly positioned where others have conjectured the area could be habitable,” said the study’s co-author and EAPS Research Scientist Janusz Petkowski.Astronomers tried to figure out other, non-biological ways it could be produced and came up empty.“It’s very hard to prove a negative,” said Clara Sousa-Silva, research scientist in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS). “Now, astronomers will think of all the ways to justify phosphine without life, and I welcome that. Please do, because we are at the end of our possibilities to show abiotic processes that can make phosphine.”Outside experts — and the study authors themselves — say the research is tantalizing but not yet convincing. 1454

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