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JERUSALEM, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Traditional farming may have found an ally on the Internet, via an Israeli "cloud-based" software system that enables farmers to get professional information and tips from colleagues worldwide.And IBM is interested in what they have to say.Agriculture Knowledge On-Line (AKOL) says its Internet-based system can aid global agriculture by utilizing the collective knowledge of kibbutzim (communal farms in Israel) and other agricultural experts, to offer small farmers personalized solutions to improve dairy output and crop production, and better prevent droughts.Owned by Kibbutz Bror Hayil in southern Israel, the software house has recently signed a cooperation and development agreement with IBM to manage access and technology issues."What we do here is like a bank of information and IBM provides the special tools for the end users," AKOL's CEO Roni Shani told Xinhua, "and you can do what we call 'agricultural market.'""For example, if someone in Australia needs advice on how to grow their crops better, they can just ask our advice or search through our database to find the best product for the country they 're growing the crops in," Shani said."Let's say someone in India, a small farmer, has a problem with their crop or chickens," Shani explained, noting that "it's usually very expensive and time consuming to get someone to come and check what is wrong."But, for a monthly fee, a basic subscription service enables the end user to access the software database, which allows "the farmer to just look at the pictures and pick the one that will explain what the disease or problem is and offer a solution, and if it is available in their country."AKOL claims about 1,000 customers over the globe."We just started developing it for use outside of the kibbutz with IBM's help," Shani said, "and we are developing it also in other parts of the world, like China. Right now we're cooperating with the Chinese government to help milk producers get the most out of their milking systems."Israel is one of the leading countries in milk production, with each cow yielding around 12,000 liters of milk a year on average. Two Chinese provinces plan to use AKOL's milking control system, in order to better manage their herds and equipment and increase milk production."And this is just the beginning," Shani explained, "because we are also working with other developing countries. This software will help millions of small farmers in rural or impoverished areas, that will be able to get advice and benefit from other farmers' experience on the spot and at a very affordable rate."

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- A class of drugs that shows promise in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA gene mutations could potentially benefit colorectal cancer patients with a different genetic mutation, a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center finds.Working in cell lines from colorectal cancer patients, researchers found that the class of drugs called PARP inhibitors worked against tumors with mutations in the MRE11 gene.About 15 percent of all colorectal cancers have what's called microsatellite instability, a type of error in the DNA. About 82 percent of those tumors have the MRE11 gene mutation."This is a potential broader application for PARP inhibitors, beyond breast and ovarian cancer. This is a class of drug that's already shown safety in early clinical trials and now might benefit some colorectal cancer patients as well," says lead study author Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, a hematology/oncology fellow at the university, in a statement.The study, which was published Monday in Cancer Research, also found that PARP inhibitors are even more effective when both copies of MRE11 were mutated. Each person carries two copies of each gene, which means mutations can occur in either one or both copies. The researchers suggest that PARP inhibitors could be targeted specifically to colorectal cancer patients who have two copies of the mutated gene.Researchers are planning a phase I clinical trial to look at using PARP inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients with two mutated copies of MRE11. Future trials are being considered using PARP inhibitors to prevent colorectal cancer and other cancers in people with Lynch syndrome whose tumors have this mutation.Microsatellite instability is also seen in prostate cancer and endometrial cancer, suggesting potential for PARP inhibitors to play a role in additional types of cancer as well, Vilar-Sanchez says, adding that more research is needed in these areas.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

LOS ANGELES, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Law enforcement agencies are now using smart phones to track and arrest graffiti vandals in Los Angeles, a newspaper report said on Saturday.The graffiti-tracking program, spearheaded by the Tracking and Automated Graffiti Removal System, or TAGRS, allows graffiti- cleaning crews equipped with smart phones to photograph the markings and upload them to a Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) database, the Los Angeles Times said.The photos are used to gather evidence for prosecution and restitution, the paper quoted city officials as saying.Once the graffiti suspects' identities are discovered, the information is added to the TAGRS database and may eventually uncover incidents involving the same suspects, the paper said.The LAPD launched a pilot project in 2009 in Van Nuys near Los Angeles, modeling its version on one run by the Orange County Sheriff's Department, according to the report.The program is now anchored at four LAPD stations, Van Nuys, Hollenbeck, Central and Harbor, said Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's spokeswoman Casey Hernandez.Los Angeles spends about 10 million dollars a year cleaning up graffiti, Hernandez said.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's Ministry of Education said Friday that 34.29 million students graduated from the country's higher-learning institutions between 2006 and 2010.Xu Mei, the ministry's spokeswoman, said the number is even more than that of the graduates in the 20 years prior to 2006 combined."During the 11th five-year plan period (2006-2010), higher education has become even more accessible to the general public. Higher-learning institutions provide a strong support of brain power and human resources to the social and economic development," Xu said.The "Outline of China's National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development (2010-2020)," which was publicized last year, says "the strategic goals to be attained by 2020 are to basically modernize education; shape a learning society; and turn China into a country rich in human resources."

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