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According to a recent paper, the Earth is caught directly in the crosshairs of a cosmic hurricane.A swarm of nearly 100 stars, accompanied by an even greater amount of dark matter, is aimed directly at our stellar neighborhood and there's nothing we can do to stop it; in fact, the vanguard is already upon us. This sounds like a perfect summer blockbuster movie, starring The Rock and Chris Pratt, or maybe Scarlett Johansson and Charlize Theron.Except this is for real. But is it a danger? Well, actually, no. Not at all. But it's potentially incredibly fascinating, with lots of interesting scientific interconnections. So, what is really going on?The story starts last April, when the Gaia satellite announced the locations and trajectories of 2 billion stars in the vicinity of the Milky Way surrounding our sun. They released the data to the public.Scientists were then able to look at the data set to see if they could spot anything peculiar. In galaxies like the Milky Way, the most common behavior is that the stars orbit the center of the galaxy in a manner broadly similar to the planets orbiting our sun. However, there are some stars that exhibit unusual motion. About a year ago, astronomers identified some "stellar streams" passing through our celestial neighborhood.One of them, called S1 (for stream 1), consists of nearly 100 stars of similar age and composition, orbiting the Milky Way in a direction exactly opposite that of normal stars. It's kind of like a handful of cars driving the wrong way down the highway, except with a much greater distance between them and with no likelihood of a collision. These stars are spread out over a few thousand light years and they will pass through the solar system's neighborhood over the course of a few million years.Astronomers identified S1 as being part of the remnants of a dwarf galaxy that collided with the Milky Way and was consumed in an epic episode of cosmic cannibalism. Dwarf galaxies are very small, typically about 1% the mass of the Milky Way. They can orbit larger galaxies and collide with the bigger galaxy, adding their mass to the parent. This is what appears to have happened in the case of S1, although the process has taken probably a billion years.Dwarf galaxies often have a disproportionately large fraction of dark matter. Dark matter is a hypothetical and still-undiscovered form of matter that interacts only gravitationally. Scientists have proposed its existence to explain many astronomical mysteries, for example the observation that most galaxies rotate faster than can be explained by the known laws of physics and the stars and gas of which they are composed.While dark matter has not yet been observed, hypothesizing its existence is the simplest and most economical explanation for myriad astronomical mysteries. Averaged over the entire universe, dark matter is thought to be five times more prevalent than the ordinary mass of stars and gas and planets.In dwarf galaxies, the fraction of dark matter is often higher. In Fornax, a well-studied dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way, researchers estimate that the dark matter is between 10 and 100 times greater than the mass found in its stars.If that number holds for S1, the dark matter of the S1 stream is passing through the Earth at a much higher velocity than the more ordinary dark matter that orbits the Milky Way -- about twice as fast. It is thought that S1 dark matter is flying through the solar system at a speed of about 550 km/s, or about 1.2 million mph. While these numbers are impressive, they are misleading. Dark matter, if it exists, is extremely diffuse and it will have no discernible effect on the solar system.Because dark matter hasn't been observed yet, these velocity numbers are speculative, although they are strongly supported by a very large body of evidence. However, the prospect of high velocity dark matter flying through the Earth has suggested an opportunity to detect it.In a paper in the prestigious journal Physical Review D, researcher Ciaran O'Hare and his collaborators calculated the possibilities of discovering dark matter using both existing and proposed dark matter detectors. They considered two varieties of dark matter particles: a very heavy kind called a WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) and a very light kind called an axion. Because the ultimate nature of dark matter is not known, it is important to be open to all possibilities.They found that the detectors they evaluated could find WIMPs for certain ranges of the particle mass. However, when they looked at the axion possibility, it appeared the prospects were even better. Because of its light mass and the manner in which an axion would interact with the detector, the apparatus simply has a better chance of seeing the axion. (If axions exist, of course.)Experiments with names like ADMX, MADMAX and ABRACADABRA are able or will be able to search for the signatures of dark matter proposed in the recent paper. They consist of technologies that are designed to interact with axions in a strong magnetic field and convert them to ordinary microwaves or radio waves that can be easily detected.It's important to remember that the S1 stream poses no credible threat to the Earth and humanity. There is no need for an action hero to save us. However, the synergy of science is staggering. A careful catalog of nearby stars has opened the prospect of a better possibility of finding and identifying dark matter, which is one of the great unanswered mysteries of modern physics. It's an amazing time we live in, in which we can study such things.\ 5625

After a five-year battle, the father of Las Vegas quintuplets is acquitted of rental fraud charges.The Derricos became instant celebrities in 2013 when they became a family of eleven. The family was featured on both local and national television shows."That's when all hell broke loose," said dad Deon Derrico.Derrico was facing multiple charges, including felonies. Prosecutors alleged the father forged quitclaim deeds to force a change of ownership and collect rent."Nothing seemed to change their minds once they decided I was guilty," said Derrico.Derrico said he cooperated with the investigation all along because he was innocent."The homeowner I bought this from came back later," he said, "...and alleged that I hadn't because they wanted more money."Jurors reached their verdict after a trial that lasted a week. They acquitted Derrico of all but two counts related to notarization of a signature. Prosecutors say they'll reexamine the merits of the case at the next hearing.The family said the case has forever changed their lives.Mom Karen Derrico was pregnant with triplets last year. She says she believes she lost one because of the stress of the upcoming trial."We believe that everything, it happens for a reason," she said. "This was our test for our testimony." 1318

ALPINE (CNS) - San Diego County will open an erosion control center in Alpine tomorrow to help businesses and homeowners prevent debris flows in the areas burned by the Valley Fire.The center, at 2914 Tavern Road, will offer free sandbags, fiber rolls and other items to help residents stabilize properties before rains arrive. and potentially trigger mudslides and debris flows, county officials said.Starting Thursday, the center will be open to business and property owners from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily Monday through Saturday, and from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Sundays. Appointments are not required this weekend, but will be required starting on Monday.Residents and business owners can schedule an appointment to pick up erosion control materials by calling the county's stormwater hotline at 888-846-0800.Staff will be available to advise on how to protect properties, homes, garages, sheds and other structures. Staff can also visually inspect properties and offer information on best practices to protect structures.As of Wednesday morning, the Valley Fire remained at 17,665 acres and was 90% contained, according to a Cleveland National Forest incident page.The conflagration, which broke out early on the afternoon of Sept. 5 off Spirit Trail and Carveacre Road in Japatul Valley, ultimately destroyed 30 residences and 31 outbuildings, damaged 11 other structures and left three firefighters injured, according to Cal Fire. 1438

After a year of doubts, recriminations and special election misfires, Democrats finally got the big victories Tuesday they'd so desperately craved in the year since Donald Trump won the presidency.Ralph Northam won the Virginia governor's race and Phil Murphy took a New Jersey governor's office that had been in Republican Chris Christie's hands for eight years. Across the map, in mayoral contests, state legislative races and ballot measures, everything broke Democrats' way.Republicans will wake up Wednesday in a nightmare: All of a sudden, full control of Congress might be in serious jeopardy. Trump's low approval ratings look toxic. And it could be much harder to convince incumbents to run -- and to recruit candidates into open-seat races -- in such a difficult environment. 793

A wildfire burning in Arizona, just northeast of the Valley, is now the most massive fire actively burning in the country, according to officials.The wildfire has already demolished more than 114,000 acres, and it is just five percent contained, as of Thursday morning.The good news is no homes nor businesses have been destroyed, but some worry it is just a matter of time, as evacuations have been implemented in multiple towns.Fire crews say the wildfire has spread so rapidly and is difficult to contain because of the heat, low humidity, terrain, and high winds.The threat snuck up on Tonto Basin homeowners like Robyn Hill."I really wasn’t prepared for it. I thought the fire was too far away, and you are just kind of in disbelief," said Hill, who got the evacuation order Monday.Hill said she rushed home from her hair salon business in Payson once the alert came across her phone.She packed up the RV with her husband and two dogs, and they quickly left town."So when you got two hours to get your stuff and go. It would help if you were a little more prepared," she said. "I packed the bread and the peanut butter, but forgot the jelly."While the jelly makes for a good joke, leaving home was no laughing matter."You kind of shed a few tears as you leave the house because it’s my home, it’s my little paradise," said Hill, who tells KNXV she had just finished adding a pool and re-doing her garden and yard during the pandemic slowdown.While Hill and others are evacuating their homes, the Red Cross has been setting up shelters."[Monday] we had over a dozen people check-in," said Jim Gilloon, with the Arizona Red Cross. "We don’t just let them walk in. We do a screen test, we take their temperature, and we ask him questions, and then they are clear to come in."At the shelter, the people forced from their homes can get a meal, information, and then the Red Cross helps find them a place to stay for the night."It’s a wildfire season. So we are prepared," said Gilloon. "The fire is spreading, and there is no containment. So we are looking at several days, a week maybe."Many Arizonans from Punkin Center, Sunflower, and Apache Lake are now sleeping in motels.Casie Malinski though, stayed behind in her Tonto Basin home Tuesday to care for her many animals."This morning I took my older children into Payson and dropped them off with their things," said Malinski. "I have full faith in our hotshots and fire crews who are out here."As 440 firefighters desperately try to squelch the inferno, hundreds more are praying for them."I think everybody is just terrified and hoping they will get it out in time before the residences are lost," said Hill. "Let’s stop it on the highway, please. And before the homes."State Route 87, or the Beeline Highway, is closed from Payson to Bush Highway.State Route 188 is also closed from the 87 junctions to Roosevelt.Fire officials say the fire started due to a car issue on the side of the highway.KNXV's Zach Crenshaw first reported this story. 3008

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