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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As the world waits for a vaccine against the coronavirus, two San Diego biotechs are teaming up to develop a nasal spray using designer antibodies cloned from COVID-19 survivors.About 70 companies worldwide are working on therapies for COVID-19 using cloned antibodies, according to an estimate by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. A few of these treatments, known officially as monoclonal antibody therapies, have advanced to clinical trials.Most require an injection, but San Diego-based Diomics and its partner Active Motif, based in Carlsbad, are developing a once-a-day spray that could be easily self-administered.Early research suggests the coronavirus primarily enters the body through the nose. The spray, called Dioguard, is designed to coat the lining of the nasal cavity with cloned antibodies that are held in place for 24 hours or more using a proprietary polymer material developed by Diomics.Diomics CEO Anthony Zolezzi said he believes the spray “holds the key to allowing many aspects of life to resume until the day comes when there’s an effective vaccine in widespread use.”Diomics is also developing two tests for COVID-19 antibodies using its polymer beads, including a device that looks like a nicotine patch that is designed to monitor for infections for a week or more.RELATED: How a dot on your forearm could be the future sign of COVID immunityActive Motif is providing the cloned antibodies for the nasal spray. With a lab in Shanghai and other relationships in China, the Carlsbad company was able to clone antibodies from 11 Chinese survivors in February, before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.When the company started the cloning project, they thought the virus would probably disappear in three to six months, said Active Motif CEO Ted DeFrank. “Then people started realizing, no this is going to be with us for a while.”The plasma from the 11 Chinese patients contained thousands of antibodies, and scientists with Active Motif set about selecting the one that was most effective, dubbed 414-1. The company says it can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus particles with 98 percent effectiveness.Monoclonal antibodies have some similarities to convalescent plasma, which is a complex cocktail of antibodies and other immune molecules drawn from the blood of recovered patients. One of the key differences is that cloned antibodies can be mass produced in a lab.Cloned antibodies have been used in treatments for more than 30 years, primarily for cancer. One such treatment famously helped former U.S. President Jimmy Carter beat melanoma.But of the more than 100 monoclonal antibody therapies licensed for use, only seven are for communicable diseases, according to IAVI.Historically, the treatments have been expensive and difficult to produce, but Diomics said it’s targeting a price of about a spray for Dioguard, roughly per bottle.“We do not want to have huge profits from a pandemic, that’s just wrong,” Zolezzi said. “We’re going to price this as effectively as we can for the masses. We want to get this out to the masses.”Animal testing is about to begin and the companies said they hope to progress to human trials soon. Their goal is to release the spray in early 2021, when a vaccine may be on the market but not yet widely available.If the spray works, it could be adapted to other viruses to help fight future pandemics, Zolezzi said."That’s our real goal," Zolezzi said. "That we never get caught flat-footed like this time." 3526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- At the Sycuan Visitors Center in El Cajon, you'll find pieces of history on display. Tools, clothing, baskets, even instruments, all tracing their origin to the Kumeyaay people."We were very important in shaping this landscape, so we developed the landscape and the landscape developed us," said Ethan Banegas, who teaches Kumeyaay history and is Kumeyaay himself.The Kumeyaay people live on 12 reservations in southern California and six in Mexico. Their history is rooted deeply in the San Diego area."We have old village sites all over. Old Town, where the first mission was, was an old village called Kasoy, " Banegas explained. According to Banegas, at one point, the Kumeyaay people lived from the desert to the mountains to the ocean and numbered between 30 and 50 thousand.RELATED: Native American tribes join to celebrate life and heritage at San Diego powwowBy the late 1800s, historians estimate the Kumeyaay population had dwindled to as low as 1000. Even as numbers started to rebound, the language and music continued to fade. Banegas says at one point traditional singers had all but disappeared. However, there was a resurgence in the 1960s that continues today."We have a whole generation learning these songs that were basically gone."As for the language, there are only about a dozen speakers left in the U.S. and a few dozen more in Mexico. But there's an effort underway to teach young people and keep it alive. Banegas says a turning point for many tribes was gaming, which provided an economic solution to the severe poverty many people experienced on the reservations. Today Banegas and others are using education to keep their culture alive and hope that during this Native American heritage month, San Diegans take time to remember the people who've called this land home for thousands of years. 1849

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Carmen Favela was part of the duo that kicked off the Mujeres Brew Club, a Latina-led group that started in 2019 and teaches women the history and basics of craft beer."I thought to myself I wonder how many more women would like to learn more about craft beer, not just enjoy it but understand all of it," Favela said. Up until the COVID-19 pandemic, the club held their meetings at Border X Brewing in Barrio Logan."There is no way I could just cancel it because of COVID-19 or just stop it, it’d be hard for me. It became something I honestly didn’t expect and I knew this was something we needed in the industry," Favela described.Thankfully, Favela didn't have to because the answer wasn't far. It was right across the street at an old vacant taproom brewhouse."It's got a full brewing system and a tap system. One conversation led to another and we were in the space within 24 hours," Favela said.The new space is where the brew club continued to hold its meetings and will make and serve craft beer."Yes, we are minorities and yes it is going to be Latinas and women, but the amount of support and excitement from the girls, from the public ... the beers we plan to make to make there will be an expression of all the girls from all different, all colors basically," Favela said.They served coffee and other non-alcoholics drinks until their licensing got approved, but inside, excitement was overflowing."I think this will hopefully open that door to really celebrate more women in beer in San Diego," said Favela. 1549

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Authorities in California have identified the sailor who died after being struck by a spinning helicopter blade as 32-year-old Lt. James Mazzuchelli.Mazzuchelli was a flight surgeon assigned to Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 267, Marine Aircraft Group 39 and was stationed at MCAS Camp Pendleton.Mazzuchelli is from Orange Park, Florida and was previously deployed to Japan.“Lt. James Mazzuchelli was an incredibly talented physician and Sailor,” said Col. Matthew Mowery, commanding officer of MAG-39. “His contagious enthusiasm, motivation, and love for the Marines and Sailors of HMLA-267 and MAG-39 has been evident in the outpouring of grief at his loss and the support being shown to his family and close friends. His willingness to join the Navy and elect to serve faithfully with the Marines should give a sense of pride to all of us who serve our country that we are surrounded by heroes every day. James and his contribution to our Corps will be sorely missed."The sailor died Saturday morning after being hit by the spinning tail rotor blade of a UH-01Y Venom Marine helicopter.The incident is currently under investigation. 1182

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - County officials created a Dia de los Muertos altar to honor the lives of 891 San Diegans who died from the coronavirus, and put a face and heart into the fight.Supervisor Nathan Fletcher and Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez championed the altar as a way to send a message."We wanted to honor those families and honor those lives lived and acknowledge the tremendous impact it's had, but also pay particular tribute to the impact that covid has had on the Latino community," Fletcher said.Saying more than half of those who died in the county are Latinos. This is extremely disproportionate considering only 30% of the population is Hispanic, according to the 2019 Census."When we start looking at the actual human toll and our relatives who have moved on now as a result of this virus it becomes more real and reminds us why it's so important to stay so vigilant," Gonzalez said.Vigilance is what Treasure Felder said would have saved her mom Ronda."She was our angel on earth and is now our angel in heaven, that's how we like to refer to her," said Felder. Felder says her mom was a social worker with the county, caring for foster youth and a strong woman in her 60s."She was never really ill, in the hospital, or hurt. Even if she had a little pain she'd always push through. So to see her in a place where she could barely stand up and also having to be put in a chemically induced coma was something that none of us prepared for." she said.She said she walked into her mother's room on July 4th and found she couldn't stand and was breathing heavily. She called an ambulance, even though her mother didn't want to go to the hospital, and never saw her again.Felder said her mother always had her hand out to help others and is so incredibly proud of how her mother led her life. She hopes sharing her story of pain and emptiness, now that her mother is gone, will stir others to take steps like wearing a mask and social distancing to stop the spread of the coronavirus.The altar will stay up through Tuesday morning. 2048