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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - If you're looking to strike gold with some St. Patrick's Day fun this weekend, you're in luck!This weekend, some of San Diego's favorite St. Patrick's Day events are returning. San Diego ShamROCK, arguably the biggest event in town, will take over the Gaslamp District with multiple stages of entertainment and fun.The "Irish 4 a Day" party hop will also keep the partying running through the night into Saturday, offering music and drink specials at participating nightclubs.RELATED: More San Diego family funSpeaking of running, get in some activity before going out at the St. Patrick's Day 10K in Mission Bay or St. Patrick's Day 5K and 15K in Temecula.And, of course, don't miss San Diego's annual St. Patrick's Day parade and festival in Balboa Park, where thousands are expected to take in the sights, sounds, and smells of the holiday.Here's more on this weekend's fun:FRIDAY"Irish 4 a Day" Party HopWhere: Gaslamp District; Cost: - 0(Runs Friday through Saturday) San Diego's "longest-running" St. Patrick's Day party. Two days of DJs, live music, green beer, and more will take place across participating Gaslamp District nightclubs. 1202

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Millions of Americans owe more on their homes than they’re actually worth in the first quarter of 2019, according to a new report by Attom Data Solutions. San Diegans, on the other hand, are sitting on equity rich properties. In the U.S. as a whole, more than five million homes were seriously underwater, meaning property owners owe at least 25 percent more than the home is worth. RELATED: Teachers, first responders struggling to afford housing, report saysAlthough the report paints a grim picture for millions of Americans, San Diegans are seeing the opposite. According to the report, nearly 40 percent of properties in San Diego are equity rich, meaning property owners had at least 50 percent equity. In California, 43 percent of properties are equity rich. Other states that fared well include Hawaii, New York, Washington and Vermont. RELATED: City receives financial boost for Section 8 housingNationally, however, more than 9 percent of all U.S. properties with a mortgage are seriously underwater. In several places around the country, more than half of all properties are seriously underwater, according to the report. Those locations include Milwaukee, Trenton, Chicago, St. Louis and Cleveland. 1240

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It was a chilly dilemma for a Pacific Beach restaurant: outdoor dining this winter without any patio heaters.The owners changed their outlook by appealing to their customers for help.After shutting down several times since the pandemic began, Break Point restaurant and bar, reopened in September. With the purple tier restrictions putting a halt to indoor dining, the owners turned to their new parklet to host their outdoor dining. But they had a problem."Keeping customers warm is a concern," said co-owner Amy Lee.Lee says when the winter temps arrive, they would need gas patio heaters to warm up customers, and they didn't have any."We found that they were pretty much sold out everywhere, and where they weren't sold out, prices were inflated to the point, that they were unaffordable," said Lee.One local supplier recently told ABC 10News they had a backlog of 200 orders.So Lee turned to social media, making an appeal for patio heaters on the Nextdoor app and community pages on Facebook.One of those appeals was seen by the Rynearson family. They had a backyard heater they hadn't used in awhile. Chance Rynearson, 14, says it was an easy call to lend the heater to Lee for as long as she needs it."COVID has really hit businesses hard. Just to help out is a good thing ... People should be helping each other during these times ... difficult but we should be able to get through it together," said Rynearson.In all, 17 people offered to either donate or lend a heater to Break Point, far more than Lee needed."It's like Christmas. It makes you wanna believe in Santa again ... It was that heartwarming," said Lee.Heartwarming and customer warming. Lee says this gives them a chance at survival this winter."I think it shows we should still have a lot of faith in our neighbors, in our community, and in humanity in general ... and that there's still a lot of good people out there. We are so grateful," said Lee.Lee says she offered many of the donors meals, but many didn't accept, saying that's 'not the reason' they wanted to help out. Lee says they have picked up five heaters and have seven more on standby for colder temperatures. 2175

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It’s more affordable to rent than buy a home in San Diego, according to a report released Thursday. The 2020 Rental Affordability Report consisting of census data compiled by ATTOM Data Solutions broke down the figures for counties nationwide. Although the price of owning a median-priced three-bedroom home was more affordable than renting in 53 percent of U.S. counties studied, renting was a better financial decision in highly populated suburban or urban areas. RELATED: San Diego expected to be California's hottest housing market in 2020, despite coolingIn counties with a population of more than one million people, including San Diego, renting was a more affordable option 84 percent of the time. Los Angeles County and the counties of Phoenix, Las Vegas, San Francisco, and Seattle were also included in the figure. San Diego made the list of major counties where rents consume the highest percentage of average wages. 1. Santa Cruz County: 82.1 percent2. Marin County: 75.3 percent3. Park County, CO (Denver): 74.3 percent4. Honolulu County, HI: 74.2 percent5. Kauai County, HI: 73.7 percent6. Kings County, NY (Brooklyn): 65.3 percent7. Orange County: 64.7 percent8. San Diego County: 59.6 percent9. Contra Costa County: 58.4 percent10. Queens County, NY: 57.4 percentSan Diego was also one of the counties where home prices rose faster than wages and wage growth outpaced rent growth. RELATED: Making It in San Diego: City may weigh 'vacancy tax' targeting empty homesRegions where buying is the best idea included Miami, Tampa, Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh. </noscript><object class="tableauViz" style="display:none;"> </noscript> “Home ownership is a better deal than renting for the average wage earner in a slim majority of U.S. housing markets. However, there are distinct differences between different places, depending on the size and location from core metro areas,” said Todd Teta, chief product officer with ATTOM Data Solutions. “For sure, either buying or renting is a financial stretch or out of reach for individual wage earners throughout most of the country in the current climate. But with interest rates falling, owning a home can still be the more affordable option, even as prices keep rising.” RELATED: Making it in San Diego: Key saving steps helped renter buy her first homeThe report included 2019 and 2020 data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and public record sales data from ATTOM Data Solutions. Read the full study here. 2585

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