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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

BALI, Indonesia, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- Leaders of China, Japan and South Korea met here Saturday to exchange views on trilateral cooperation and regional and international issues of common concern.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak were meeting on the occasion of a series of meetings for East and Southeast Asian leaders in this Indonesian resort city on Friday and Saturday.Speaking at the meeting, Wen said the cooperation between the three nations currently had good momentum, which was not only in line with the interests of the three sides but also contributed to the stability and development of the Asia and the world.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L), Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda (C) and Republic of Korea (ROK) President Lee Myung-Bak pose for photos during the Trilateral Summit Meeting for leaders of the three nations in Bali, Indonesia, Nov. 19, 2011.As the coordinator of next year's China-Japan-South Korea cooperation, China would like to further enhance high-level exchanges, policy coordination and strategic trust between the three countries, providing political impetus and promoting more advancement in trilateral cooperation, Wen said.He said next year marked the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea.In the meeting, Wen proposed the joint research into a free trade area between the three countries be completed this year, and negotiations start in 2012.Wen also suggested enhancing trilateral cooperation in the fields of transportation, finance and environmental protection, among many others.Also speaking at the meeting, the Japanese prime minister and the South Korean president said the cooperation between the three nations had seen remarkable achievement and its prospects were promising.The three sides should continue to deepen their exchanges and cooperation in various fields including economy and trade, finance, investment, disaster relief, culture, education and tourism, and strengthen the coordination in regional and international issues to promote common development, according to them.During the meeting, the three leaders also exchanged views on other regional and international issues of common concern.

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ethiopia will host the 13th World Congress on Public Health (WCPH) in April 2012, the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) said on Wednesday.The meeting will be held on April 23-27 under the theme: "Moving towards Global Health Equity- Opportunities and Treats".Speaking on the 22nd annual meeting of EPHA held here on Wednesday EPHA President Tewabech Bishaw said about 3,000 participants, including public health students from all over the world are expected to take part in the meeting.He said that preparations are well underway to successfully conduct the meeting.

BEIJING,Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) – Yinghuo-1, China's first interplanetary spacecraft, is set to hitch a ride with Russia's Phobos-Grunt Mars mission in the early hours on Wednesday, after a two-year delay.A Zenit-2SB rocket will carry Yinghuo-1 and Phobos-Grunt into space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome launch site in Kazakhstan.It is China and Russia's first joint Mars operation and also marks China's first voyage to the Red Planet, China Great Wall Industry Corp said in a news release on Tuesday.Yinghuo-1 will work in orbit with Phobos-Grunt for more than 12 months in collecting data on the Martian atmosphere.Both spacecraft will travel for more than 10 months before entering Martian orbit. During the trip, Yinghuo-1's power supply, communications and temperature gauge will be controlled from the Russian craft, scientists said.Both craft will orbit the planet three times before decoupling. The 106-kg Yinghuo-1 will circle Mars in an elliptical orbit, while Phobos-Grunt will actually land on Phobos, one of the two Martian moons, and bring back soil samples to Earth."The collaboration with Russia will enhance China's ability in deep space exploration, improve spacecraft design and development, and promote planetary exploration," said an unnamed official with the corp, a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science & Technology Corp. Russia's Lavochkin Research and Production Association signed a cooperation contract, based on an agreement between the Chinese and Russian governments, with China Great Wall Industry Corp in 2007.Yinghuo-1, with a two-year lifespan, also has its own scientific goals.These include analyzing the planet's magnetic environment and ionosphere (upper atmosphere), taking images of topographical features and studying gravity fields on the Martian equator.Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication, Space International, said China's focus on the planet's upper atmosphere is significant.Twenty detectors have explored parts of Mars, but most of them have looked for traces of life or water or places suitable for setting up colonies, he said.But studying the upper atmosphere is also vital if humans are to live on the planet, he said.The mission was set for October 2009, but later postponed to this year to enhance the reliability of the project.Only the United States, the former Soviet Union and the European Union have succeeded in landing probes on Mars. Five are in operation, four belong to the US and one belongs to the EU.At least 21 probes sent to the planet have failed. The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology under the CASC, which designed Yinghuo-1 in 23 months, said that the satellite posed a major technological challenge as the furthest space destination for China before had been the moon. The moon's average distance from Earth is about 384,000 km. The distance between Mars and Earth, depending on orbits, ranges from approximately 55 million km to about 350 million km.Yinghuo-1 will have to endure periods in the freezing dark side of the planet.It underwent simulated tests that matched the Martian temperature, - 260 C.Because of the distances involved, the satellite cannot rely on ground control to adjust position. It will rely on its own onboard computer, scientists said.

TAIPEI, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for Taiwan's next deputy leader was staged Saturday, highlighting cross-Strait political and economic issues, for next month's Taiwan leader election.The three candidates touched upon topics such as stances on the reunification of Taiwan and the Chinese mainland and the "Taiwan independence," last year's signing of the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), among other cross-Strait issues, during the second face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14, 2012 election.Wu Den-yih, who is incumbent Taiwanese leader Ma Ying-jeou's running mate and currently chief of Taiwan's executive authority, said the signing of the ECFA aims to "help people do business and enhance Taiwan's competitiveness." Ma is seeking a second term.The ECFA did not speed up Taiwan's inclination toward the mainland market, but ensured the island's utmost interests instead, Wu said, adding that if Ma, who is also chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, did not win during the upcoming election, cross-Strait peace and stability would not be maintained.However, Wu's main rival Su Jia-chyuan, the running mate of Tsai Ing-wen who campaigned for Taiwan's next leader representing major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), claimed that Taiwan is a "sovereign state" and its fate would be decided by Taiwanese themselves, no matter it would become independent or unified with the mainland, or maintain the status quo.Taiwan's future would be guaranteed only if the so-called "Taiwan consensus," put forward by Tsai, was realized, Su said during the debate.Another debater, Lin Ruey-shiung, 72, the running mate of People First Party (PFP) candidate James Soong, called for the signing of a cross-Strait peace accord, and said that the Chinese nation was fundamentally one family, with reunification benefiting both and secession hurting both.Lin said, as a member of the Chinese nation, Taiwan must be reunified with the mainland in the future, without wars, and it is the aspiration of all Taiwanese that people of both sides could freely visit each other.The three candidates also debated on anti-corruption, financial deficit and social equity.Saturday's debate among the candidates for deputy leader was the second of a three-part series. A debate of the Taiwan leader hopefuls was staged last Saturday, and they will spar again on Dec. 17.

来源：资阳报