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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Chinese State Councilor Ma Kai urged here Friday that public complaints and petitions should be handled properly to promote social stability and harmony.Ma Kai, also secretary-general of the State Council, or cabinet, made the remarks at a national conference attended by heads of relevant government departments dealing with such petitions.Ma stressed that the government should make more efforts to prevent the occurrence of disputes and complaints right from the start.He also called for better investigation and sound settlement of petition cases.He urged setting up a risk assessment system in the decision making procedure in major social issues.Better implementing existing policies and the accountability system for relevant official departments are also needed, Ma said.

BEIJING, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao is scheduled to chat with Internet users at 3 p.m. (Beijing Time) Saturday at two state news portals.The two major portals, www.gov.cn, of the central government, and www.xinhuanet.com, of the Xinhua News Agency, will jointly interview Premier Wen, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.Netizens in China and abroad are invited to raise questions to Wen via the Development Forum (http://forum.xinhuanet.com), and the premier is expected to answer some of these questions.The on-line chat will be shown live in texts, pictures and videos at the two portals.

BEIJING, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, on Saturday voiced strong protest against Washington's plan to sell a package of arms worth about 6.4 billion U.S. dollars to Taiwan, urging the U.S. side to immediately withdraw the wrong decision.The U.S. government announced the plan "in disregard of the strong opposition and repeated representations from the Chinese side," said a leading official of the NPC Foreign Affairs Committee."We are firmly opposed to that (the plan), and has lodged severe representations to the U.S. side," the official said.Such a move is gravely against the three joint communiques between China and the United States, especially the "Aug. 17" communique, in which the United States promised not to seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan, and intended to gradually reduce arms sales to the island.The plan endangers China's national security and efforts for peaceful reunification. It also harms Sino-U.S. relations and peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. "The Chinese people are strongly indignant about it," the official said.The arms package would include 114 Patriot (PAC-3) anti-missile systems, 60 UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters, 12 Harpoon Block II Telemetry missiles, 2 Osprey Class mine hunting ships and a command and control enhancement system, according to a Pentagon website.

LONDON, March 14 (Xinhua) -- China's efforts of switching economic growth pattern would help to make an overall more stable world economy, said John Hawksworth, head of macroeconomics of PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC), one of the world's four largest accounting firms.He told Xinhua in a recent interview that this would also ultimately be good for China in the long term. There will be a reduction in the global trade imbalances in the long run with China's efforts of shifting economic growth pattern.China's adjustment important for world economyHawksworth said that China plays its part in making these adjustments, which is important for the long-term stability of the world economy. That is because China is a very important player, the world's biggest economy after the United State.Meanwhile, he emphasized that other economies should also make adjustments and play their parts for the world economy.He said that the United States need to control its high level of government borrowing. The same applies to European countries with high levels of borrowing."So all the main economies need to adjust and China is an very important element in the overall adjustment process," said Hawksworth.He was optimistic about the prospects for China in the efforts of shifting its economic growth pattern."It will remain a very strong growing economy and I'm optimistic that it will meet challenges and will continue to increase its relative importance in the world economy over the next 10 or 20 years," he said.Long-term process for China to shift economic growth patternWith regards to the main reasons for China to shift its economic growth pattern, Hawksworth said that in the long run China wants to promote consumer spending as a big driver of growth.China has been quite reliant on exports and investment in the past, he said. "Ultimately as China becomes a bigger part of the world economy, it can't continue to grow exports as fast as before. Also opportunities for more and more investment will be increasing. ""In the long run, you'll be better if more of China's growth would be dependent on consumer spending," he said.However, he said that China can not suddenly switch to consumer spending. "It has to be a long-term process and would also depend on other types of policies."For example, he said providing better healthcare provision at the moment is quite important because Chinese households are concerned about their future health care and therefore don't like to spend money.He also said that it might be encouraged by gradual move towards an increase in the Chinese exchange rate which would tend to reduce the price of imports and therefore boost consumption and boost the household spending power."It is a combination of policies which can't be done overnight, there has to be a long-term process over 10 years or more to gradually take effect," said Hawksworth.Short- and long-term challenges for ChinaAt the same time, Hawksworth said China is facing some short- and long-term challenges in the process of shifting its economic growth pattern.As for the short-term challenges, he said that China has obviously put a lot of emphasis on government spending and investment to stimulate the economy during the global financial crisis."Although that has been quite successful, it may also have led to some dangers of an overheating with increases in property prices and asset prices," he warned.He said that is a short-term problem which really requires a gradual tightening of monetary policy. Some restrictions on bank lending are also needed to avoid this asset price bubble getting out of control.In his view, the long-term challenge is about moving towards an economy that is more driven by household spending."This is partly about encouraging households to feel more confident about the future, about providing better healthcare from the state or better pensions to the households," he said.