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WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The weakness of aging is associated with leaky calcium channels inside muscle cells and a drug already in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure might plug those leaks, according to a report published Tuesday in the online edition of Cell Metabolism.Earlier studies by the research team led by Andrew Marks of Columbia University showed the same leaks underlie the weakness and fatigue that come with heart failure and Duchenne muscular dystrophy."It's interesting, normal people essentially acquire a form of muscular dystrophy with age," Marks said. "The basis for muscle weakness is the same." Extreme exercise like that done by marathon runners also springs the same sort of leaks, he added, but in that case damaged muscles return to normal after a few days of rest. A microscopic view shows smooth muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells showing the nuclei (blue) and proteins of the cytoskeleton (green) in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The leaks occur in a calcium release channel called ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) that is required for muscles to contract. Under conditions of stress, those channels are chemically modified and lose a stabilizing subunit known as calstabin1.Calcium inside of muscle cells is usually kept contained. When it is allowed to leak out into the cell that calcium itself is toxic, turning on an enzyme that chews up muscle cells. Once the leak starts, it's a vicious cycle. The calcium leak raises levels of damaging reactive oxygen species, which oxidize RyR1 and worsen the leak.The researchers made their discovery by studying the skeletal muscles of young and old mice. They also showed that 6-month-old mice carrying a mutation that made their RyR1 channels leaky showed the same muscular defects and weakness characteristic of older mice.When older mice were treated with a drug known as S107, the calcium leak in their muscles slowed and the animals voluntarily showed about a 50 percent increase in the amount of time spent wheel running. Now in clinical trials for patients with heart failure, the drug is known to work by restoring the connection between costabilin and RyR1.Despite considerable effort to understand and reverse age- related muscle wasting, there are no established treatments available. The new work suggests there may be hope in approaching the problem from a different angle."Most research has focused on making more muscle mass," Marks said. "What's different here is that we are focused not on muscle mass but on muscle function. More muscle doesn't help if it is not functional."

VIENNA, Aug. 11 (Xinhua) -- Austrian researchers have developed a method of using fungi and produced enzymes to split Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) material into their initial state, enabling the recovery of all individual components, said the Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) Thursday in a press release.Enzyme is a special protein that acts as biological catalyst, for example, bacteria and fungi in the nature can break down long chain molecules.Researchers from the Technical University of Graz, the Technical University of Vienna and the Agricultural University of Vienna jointly found that efficient enzymes are capable to break and split PET into small fragments.With different methods, the researchers forced the fungi to overproduce their precious "split-tools" after they are modified and improved by genetic engineering.Through the new method developed by the ACIB, it is now possible to decompose the PET polymer to its initial monomers with high product quality and from this to produce new high-quality materials again.This circuit avoids waste and thus saves resources and is friendly to the environment, said Geog Guebitz, head of the Research Department on Enzymes and Polymers in the ACIB.He further explained that the ACIB has established a partnership with some industrial enterprises to carry out application experiments. From the current splitting time of 24 hours, the researchers expect to shorten the whole process to "a few hours," he added.PET is a common plastic material in the polyester family, widely used in the textile industry. PET film is mainly used in electrical insulation materials, which can be also used for production of film, X-ray films and computer taps, even to produce plastic bottle and other blow molding products.

BEIJING, Sept. 11 (Xinhua) -- Despite a series of disasters, Chinese people tend to believe that the moon is still round and bright in the Mid-autumn Festival.Falling on Monday, the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar, it is an important Chinese holiday, next only to the Spring Festival, and a chance for family reunion under the full moon, a symbol for happiness and prosperity.A staff worker shows newly-cooked moon cakes during a Mid-autumn festival celebration activity held in Tianjin, north China, Sept. 11, 2011. Some 100 children from Tianjin and southeast China's Taiwan attended the activity on Sunday.FAMILY REUNIONIn the railway station of Nanjing, capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province, passengers lined in long queues while waiting for their trains on Saturday.Although the three-day holiday seemed too short for a long trip, Xiao Liang carried several bags with him. "I bought wine for my dad, boiled salted duck for my mom, and health products for my grand parents," the young man beamed.In the southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Li Yukun didn't believe that she could reunite with her son for holiday. In fact, she never thought she could see the three-year-old boy again.Two years ago, Xiao Wei (pseudonym) from the Dalun village of the Beiliu city was kidnapped. His parents were desperate. "On special occasions like the Mid-autumn Festival, we shed tears while missing him," Li said.Police finally managed to get clues that a similar boy was adopted in the neighboring Guangdong Province.Li prepared for a feast with policemen to celebrate reunion with Xiao Wei.Since a campaign was launched to rescue trafficked children in Guangxi in 2009, 339 children were saved, half of whom had been sent back and could reunite with their parents in this festival.In Sichuan, 10 prisoners with good records in jail were given an opportunity to go back home for the holiday."In the past I could only receive greetings from my relatives behind the bars," a woman surnamed Chen said. "This year, my dream for home finally came true."Meanwhile, 171 prisoners had their jail terms shortened so that they could be released before the Mid-autumn Festival.

VANCOUVER, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- The fourth International Health Qigong Tournament and Exchange kicked off the competition portion of the Vancouver event Saturday to showcase the health benefits of this increasingly popular activity.At a gala opening ceremony in the War Memorial Gymnasium at the University of British Columbia, the biennial tournament was being held outside of China for the first time in an effort to promote the exercise that involves controlled breathing, body postures, movement and mental concentration.The Vancouver tournament has attracted 44 Health Qigong groups from 25 countries and regions, 327 participants in all. The event was last held in Shanghai in 2009.Xiao Min, the All-China Sports Federation vice president, said after three successful events in China, it was important to explore the possibilities of rotating the host venues around the world to boost the exposure of Health Qigong to a wider audience, effectively strengthening the interaction of the Eastern and Western cultures.Calling it "one of the best Chinese traditional sports," Xiao added, "we still have a long way to go in promoting Health Qigong. However, we will try our best to promote it so as to bring health benefits to more people in the world."Sending a message read by Vancouver-based federal politician Wai Young, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said such a tournament would allow people to "cultivate their interest in and learn more about the benefits of this ancient Chinese healing system.""I would like to commend the organizing committee for putting together a program that promotes cultural exchange and encourages others to embrace Qigong teachings and practices for health, fitness and personal growth. I'm certain that the enthusiasts will make the most of this exciting opportunity and will leave inspired to put what they have learned into practice," wrote Harper, who will be making his second official visit to China later this year.In his speech to the dignitaries and public gathered for the opening ceremony, Liang Shugen, the Chinese Consul General in Vancouver, said it didn't matter who won medals during the competition as everybody participating was a winner."However, it is all the more important that your group build up friendship among the different peoples from different countries, so therefore I wish you all do your best and hope that through this competition you bring the friendship of the Chinese people, of the people from different countries, back to your home country and it is such a course that will be building a harmonious world."With participants representing countries and regions from North America, Europe, Australia, South America, Asia and all over China, which has competitors from 10 provinces, as well as Macau and Hong Kong, the eight-day tournament is providing an extensive overview of what Health Qigong is about.In addition to the two-day competition taking place over the weekend, there is also a referee clinic, a Duan examination and training sessions in the different Health Qigong disciplines, Yi Jinjing, Wu Qinxi, Liu Zijue and Ba Duanjin, among them.Ken Low, who is considered Mr Wushu in Canada, has been instrumental in organizing the Vancouver event. As the president of the Canada International Health Qigong Association he said people need to know about what's involved in the exercise and how it's different from traditional martial arts."It is more than fitness, it's actually mental and physical. It builds inner strength and it builds your, strengthens your joints and muscles and tendons, particularly in your neck area, your shoulders, your spine and your inner organs and your breathing and your focus," he said."So it's not a martial arts, although it is connected somewhat to martial arts because the movements have no self-defence meanings. All the movements are designed to enhance your health."One person who turned to the exercise for health reasons is Diane Hynes. A member of the 12-strong team representing the USA Health Qigong Association, the 50-year-old New Jersey native offers classes in Health Qigong with a cliental of students ranging from five to 84 years.She explained Qigong "helps refine that movement of our eternal energy and makes more as you breathe and move. It has to do with your breath, your ability to relax, bringing your mind to your heart and really moving it out, the energy out to the limbs. That's why it helps with sleep and stress."Hynes, who looked healthy and fit, said she realizes that she is influencing others who want to know what the mother of nine-year-old is doing to look good."And I'm not taking drugs to look well or having surgery," she said, adding the practice is destined to get bigger among westerners as the Baby Boomer generation ages and puts greater emphasis on health. ( "Medication can help for awhile but that takes from you as well, that takes from your energy. This just helps to build energy and move it in your body. Because the thing is, in Chinese medicine, it's about movement, everything's a flow and moving in a circle so it's a give and take."It's a movement and if you are not moving in harmony and you're stuck and stagnant then you are going to be uneasy or diseased or unwell. You're not necessarily sick but you're stuck."

WASHINGTON, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- After a journey of almost three years, NASA's Mars rover Opportunity has reached the Red Planet's Endeavour crater to study rocks never seen before, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on Wednesday.Scientists hope it will find rocks and terrain much older than any other that the itinerant robot has examined during its seven years on the red planet.The U.S. space agency said that Opportunity arrived at the rim of Endeavour on Tuesday. The golf cart-size rover is expected to remain at the 22-kilometer-wide crater for the next few years.A portion of the west rim of Endeavour crater sweeps southward in this color view from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity."NASA is continuing to write remarkable chapters in our nation' s story of exploration with discoveries on Mars and trips to an array of challenging new destinations," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "Opportunity's findings and data ... will play a key role in making possible future human missions to Mars and other places where humans have not yet been."NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been circling the planet since late 2005, detected clay minerals that form in wet conditions in the crater. Scientists want to find out if the minerals date back to Mars' distant past, when the planet is believed to have been wetter and warmer than the dry frozen desert it is today."We're soon going to get the opportunity to sample a rock type the rovers haven't seen yet," said Matthew Golombek, Mars Exploration Rover science team member, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Clay minerals form in wet conditions so we may learn about a potentially habitable environment that appears to have been very different from those responsible for the rocks comprising the plains."NASA is searching for signs that Mars had a habitable environment billions of years ago. Knowledge of the Martian climate will be important to future manned missions there, and can shed light on the forces that shaped Earth's climate.NASA launched the Mars rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 for what were planned to be three-month missions. But both continued operating well beyond that. Spirit stopped communicating in March 2010.

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