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BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- Russia's Phobos-Grunt probe and China's Yinghuo-1 satellite were launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on a Zenit-2SB rocket at 00:16 am Moscow time Wednesday (2016 GMT Tuesday).The main aim of the Phobos-Grunt unmanned mission is to bring back the first ever soil sample from Phobos, the larger of Mars' two moons.Russia had spent about 5 billion rubles (about 161 million U.S. dollars) preparing for the three-year mission, which would include drilling Phobos' surface and returning 200 grams of soil back to Earth, according to Russian state space agency Roscosmos.The mission would also collect bacteria samples for two Russian and one U.S. biological experiments.In the meantime, China's first Mars probe Yinghuo will go into orbit around Mars and observe the planet itself.Phobos-Grunt is planned to reach Mars in 2012, then deploy its lander for Phobos in 2013 and return the soil sample back to Earth in August 2014.The Chinese probe, which would not land on Mars nor return to the Earth, is expected stay permanently in the space and communicate with the ground control directly via satellites.The Chinese probe is 75 cm long, 75 cm wide and 60 cm high. It weighs 115 kilograms and was designed for a two-year life to discover why water disappeared from Mars and shed light on other environmental changes on the planet.Victor Khartov, chief designer and director general of Lavochkin Research & Production Association, told Xinhua that the three-year mission is highly complicated."It consists of eight sub-missions: launch, travel to Mars vicinities, separation with the Chinese probe YH-1, landing on Phobos, soil collection, launch from Phobos, way back to the Earth, and final landing. Failure of any one of them could doom the entire project," he said.The launch of Phobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1, originally scheduled for October 2009 on a Russian carrier rocket, has been postponed until 2011 due to "technical reasons" on the Russian side.

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese Mars orbiter named Yinghuo-1 was successfully launched on Wednesday morning from Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, China's authorities said. The orbiter was launched by a Zenit-2 booster rocket at 4:16 a.m. Beijing time Wednesday (2016 GMT Tuesday), hitching a ride on Russia's Phobos-Grunt (Phobos-Soil) craft, an unmanned probe on Phobos, a moon of Mars, said China's State Administration for Sciences, Technology, and Industry for National Defence.

MILAN, Italy, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Italy has a new HIV infection every three hours on average, the national department of health said in a statement during the World AIDS Day commemoration Thursday.According to the statement, there were about 3,000 new infections in the country in 2010, with nearly one third of those affecting a foreigner.At least 157,000 people are presently estimated to be HIV-positive in Italy, though the country's AIDS infections and deaths continue to register a negative trend.Nearly 90 percent of the new patients acquired the virus through unprotected sex, and were mostly from the northern regions.People discovered to be HIV-positive in 2010 had an average age of 39 for men and 35 for women, more than a third of whom were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, the statement said.Misinformation and a lack of preventive measures are a great cause for concern, Milan's councillor for social services and health Pierfrancesco Majorino told Xinhua at a campaign launched in Milan's La Scala Square."We have to keep in mind that AIDS is something very close to each of us, and adopt all most effective campaigns to provide complete and correct information," he said.A red ribbon -- the international symbol of AIDS awareness -- was formed by a group of people at the center of the square to remind everyone to stay alert to the disease.On World AIDS Day, disease prevention and health information campaigns were launched throughout Italy, including free ultra-rapid HIV-screening tests.

UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- Dramatic progress in science, political leadership, and results indicate that 2011 was a "game changing" year for the international AIDS response, and much progress has been made in 2011 to check AIDS-related deaths since 1997, the peak of the epidemic, a new report released by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) said on Monday."The Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2011" found that new infections were reduced by 21 percent since 1997, and deaths from AIDS-related illnesses decreased by 21 percent since 2005, according to the report.Furthermore, 47 percent (6.6 million) of the estimated 14.2 million people eligible for antiretroviral therapy treatment in low- and middle-income countries were accessing treatment, in increase of 1.35 million people since 2009.The report also found early signs that HIV treatment is having an impact on reducing the number of new HIV infections. As treatment reduces the viral load of a person living HIV to almost undetectable levels, it also reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to an uninfected partner, according to the report. Studies also show that treatment can be up to 96 percent effective in preventing HIV transmission among couples.Eleven countries, including many Sub-Saharan African countries, reached "close to universal access" for AIDS treatment, which is determined to be 80 percent access, in 2011.Botswana made the most dramatic progress in scaling up access to treatment, the report said. While sexual patterns remained relatively stable in the country since 2000, access to treatment increased from less than 5 percent in 2000 to more than 80 percent in 2011.Despite progress, however, the report does note that 2011 marks an unprecedented high the number of people infected with HIV worldwide.Globally, an estimated 34 million people are currently living with the infection. Approximately 2.7 million got infected with the virus in 2010, and as many as 1.8 million people died of AIDS- related illnesses in 2010.Yet the report also notes estimates that as many as 2.5 million deaths are estimated to have been averted in low- and middle- income countries due to increased access to HIV treatment since 1995."Now is not the time to reduce our efforts despite some good news on reducing new infections. Infections are decreasing, but not rapidly enough," said Kim Nichols, executive director of African Services Committee, on Monday at a press conference."There are fewer AIDS deaths, but with the number of infections increasing, prevention has to be the mainstay of our response," Nichols said.Indeed, the UNAIDS report calls for a new framework for investments which are focused on "high-impact, evidence-based, high-value strategies," according to a press release from the UNAIDS website.The framework, which aims to achieve universal access to treatment and prevention centers by 2015, requires a 22-24 billion US dollar funding increase by 2015.Given the withering state of the global economy -- donor funding for the AIDS response has dropped from 7.6 billion in 2009 to 6.9 billion in 2010 -- raising that kind of money may be a long shot. Regardless, UNAIDS'new investment plan calls for smarter uses of less money.According to the report, the framework will focus on high-risk populations like sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs and prevent infections among children, as well as invest in behavior change programs, condom promotion, and treatment, care and support for people living with HIV."The world faces a clear choice: maintain current efforts and make incremental progress, or invest smartly and achieve rapid success in the AIDS response," says the UNAIDS report.