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WELLINGTON, May 24 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand researchers have found a way to stop the growth of certain cancer tumors by " silencing" a group of PAX genes, members of a small family of genes that play important roles in embryonic development, but also allow cancer cells to grow and divide in adult tissue.In an article published in UK medical journal Oncogene, Otago University Professor Michael Eccles and colleagues revealed how they used the PAX8 gene to kill cancer cells.After detecting high levels of PAX8 protein in the majority of kidney, ovarian and thyroid cancers they studied, the researchers used molecular techniques to silence the PAX8 gene in several cancer cell lines."We found that these PAX8-depleted cancer cells ceased growing and dividing. The cells were essentially stopped in their tracks through the failure of multiple mechanisms and pathways crucial to their cell division cycle. They then entered into a state called senescence in which they no longer divided, and after that they ultimately died," Eccles said in a statement from the university Tuesday.The findings suggested that PAX8 could be a good target for the development of new cancer therapies, he said."Any resulting drugs would be a long way down the road, but in the meantime this research helps confirm that a focus on PAX genes may prove to be a fruitful line of attack against a number of cancers," he said.The research was supported by grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. It formed the main piece of work carried out by Otago doctoral graduate Caiyun (Grace) Li, now a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University. Study co-authors also included Professor Antony Braithwaite and master's student Jen Nyman.In 2003, research led by Eccles discovered that proteins from one or more of the nine PAX genes were present in many common cancers. They found that "silencing" the gene expression of PAX2 in ovarian and bladder cancer cells, and of PAX3 in melanoma, led to the rapid death of the cells.

BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Cigarette displays in shops will be banned and tobacco companies may also be forced to make their products in plain wrappers in an attempt to stop people from smoking, announced the UK government Thursday.The prominent displays and attractive packaging of tobacco have long provided shopkeepers with stable income, keeping addicts hooked and quitters tempted.However, the government's move that will begin as early as spring next year will keep cigarettes hidden away and make it just a tad more difficult for smokers to find their fix."Nearly all adult smokers started smoking before they turned 18 and every year, over 300,000 children under 16 try smoking," said Chief Medical Officer Sally Davies."Smoking is undeniably one of the biggest and most stubborn challenges in public health. Over eight million people in England still smoke and it causes more than 80,000 deaths each year," Health Secretary Andrew Lansley said in his statement on the new law.Now, this move has drawn predictable responses from both sides of the tobacco wars, with health groups cheering and retailers grumbling.The British Medical Association said it was "very pleased" with the announcement, citing research which it said showed that a display ban would play "a key role in discouraging children from smoking and also help smokers quit."On the other hand, industry groups and independent retailers complained it would burden them with the cost of refitting their stores and reduce their already narrow profit margins.And according to media interviews, many people kept skeptical about the real impact the move would have, especially on young smokers.

WASHINGTON, March 24 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Thursday approved the use of Zostavax, a live attenuated virus vaccine, for the prevention of shingles in individuals 50 to 59 years of age. Zostavax is already approved for use in individuals 60 years of age and older.In the United States shingles affects approximately 200,000 healthy people between the ages of 50 and 59, per year. It is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is a virus in the herpes family and the same virus that causes chickenpox.After an attack of chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in certain nerves in the body. For reasons that are not fully understood, the virus can reappear in the form of shingles, more commonly in people with weakened immune systems and with aging."The likelihood of shingles increases with age. The availability of Zostavax to a younger age group provides an additional opportunity to prevent this often painful and debilitating disease" said Karen Midthun, director of FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, in a statement. ( Shingles is characterized by a rash of blisters, which generally develop in a band on one side of the body and can cause severe pain that may last for weeks, and in some people, for months or years after the episode.Approval was based on a multicenter study conducted in the United States and four other countries in approximately 22,000 people who were 50-59 years of age. Half received Zostavax and half received a placebo. Study participants were then monitored for at least one year to see if they developed shingles. Compared with placebo, Zostavax reduced the risk of developing shingles by approximately 70 percent.The most common side effects observed in the study were redness, pain and swelling at the site of injection, and headache, according to the FDA.Zostavax, manufactured by Merck & Co., was originally approved on May 26, 2006, for the prevention of shingles in individuals 60 years of age and older.

LOS ANGELES, April 29 (Xinhua) -- Clinical and teaching microbiology laboratories are linked with a nationwide salmonella outbreak in the United States that has killed one person and sickened dozens of others, health officials confirmed on Friday.Since August, about 73 people in 35 states have been sickened by salmonella bacteria, and some of those cases involve a strain of Salmonella typhimurium sold commercially to laboratories, officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in remarks published by msnbc.com.Illnesses have been tied to laboratories from Alaska to New York, with most reporting one or two cases. Five cases have been reported in Washington state and four in Minnesota.The first illness occurred late August and the most recent cases were reported March 8, according to the CDC.The patients include employees and students of the laboratories, as well as children in the homes of people who work or study at the labs.Patients ranged in age from less than one to 91, with a median age of 24, the CDC said.Cases that developed after March 19 may not yet be included in the total because of the lag time in assessing and reporting illness, said the report.CDC officials warned that bacteria used in the labs can be transmitted through contaminated lab coats, pens, notebooks, car keys and other items brought into the labs.The CDC is working with local and state health departments, the American Society for Microbiology and the Association of Public Health Laboratories to track the outbreak, the report said.Salmonella infections typically result in diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps. They can be dangerous in very young children or people with compromised immune systems.

WASHINGTON, May 27 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Treasury Department said in a report released on Friday that China was not manipulating its currency."In China, since the authorities decided in June 2010 to allow the exchange rate to appreciate in response to market forces, the renminbi (RMB) has appreciated by a total of 5.1 percent against the dollar in nominal terms through the end of April 2011, or at an annual pace of approximately 6.0 percent," noted the semi- annual report on international economic and exchange rate policies.The Treasury said that as inflation in China is significantly higher than it is in the United States, the renminbi has appreciated more rapidly against the dollar on a real, inflation- adjusted basis, at a rate of around 9 percent per year.The delayed report, which was originally scheduled to be sent to the Congress on April 15, finds "no major trading partner of the United States" manipulated its currency during the period covered in the report.The Treasury added that it will continue to "closely monitor" the renminbi appreciation pace.The report also noted that the U.S. economy is recovering from its deepest recession in the post-war period."While recent growth is encouraging, the economy still faces significant challenges," said the report. The number one challenge is still in the labor market.The U.S. unemployment rate, currently at 9.0 percent, is not expected to fall significantly this year.Besides, housing market and long-term fiscal position are " unsustainable," according to the report.In recent remarks, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner stated that China is the fastest growing market for U.S. exports. In 2010, U.S. exports to China grew at a pace that was 50 percent higher than the rest of the world.

来源：资阳报