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SINGAPORE, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Researchers from Singapore and China are conducting a research aimed at using different technologies to completely capture and convert carbon dioxide in industrial emissions into energy, local daily Lianhe Zaobao reported on Tuesday.The project, supported by the National Research Foundation (NSF) of Singapore, will make use of sunlight as well as photochemical and photosynthetic processes, the foundation said.The researchers involved in the five-year project are from China's Peking University and Singapore's National University of Singapore and the Nanyang Technological University. A research center will be established under the Campus for Research Excellence and Tehnological Enterprise, a program also known as CREATE, the foundation said.It will be the first project involving cooperation with a Chinese university under the program. It will be located at the University Town of the National University of Singapore due to be completed by the end of the year.Lee Yuan-Kun, a researcher at the National University of Singapore, said no single chemical process can capture and convert the carbon dioxide completely so the researchers will be first treating the emissions with photochemical and electrochemical processes to convert most of the carbon dioxide into energy resources such as methane.The gas with thinner carbon dioxide will then be used to grow microalgae, he said.Nevertheless, for the cost of renewable energy to be close to that of fossil fuel, the efficiency will have to be drastically improved by about five to 10 times, Lee said.The project is one of three energy research projects to be housed under the Campus for Research Excellence and Tehnological Enterprise program.Zhang Dongxiao, from the College of Engineering at Peking University, said that the research program seeks to develop energy efficient and environmentally friendly carbon capture technologies that can be applied in the manufacturing and chemical industries, and that it complements Peking University's strong capability in carbon storage."Reducing carbon intensity will not only benefit both countries in terms of cost competitiveness of products made, but also portrays a good image on our national responsibility to achieve a sustainable Earth," Zhang said.
BEIJING, June 21 (Xinhua) -- China will launch a new icebreaker for use during an upcoming 2013 polar expedition, a senior oceanic official said on Tuesday.Both the new icebreaker and Xuelong ("Snow Dragon"), an icebreaker that operated in Antarctica, will form an Arctic-Antarctic maritime research team."China will have at least two icebreakers concurrently operating at both the north and south poles," Chen Lianzeng, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration, told a national conference on polar research, which has been the first since 1984 when the country started expeditions in polar regions.The new icebreaker will boast facilities that will allow it to research the oceanic environment, integrate data for real-time oceanic monitoring, deploy and retrieve detectors and conduct aerial studies using helicopters, Chen said.The two icebreakers will conduct expeditions in polar regions for more than 200 days annually, he said.Fixed-wing aircraft will also be added to the expedition team before 2015, allowing researchers to be transported between China's Zhongshan and Kunlun research stations and Antarctica's Grove Mountains.The Kunlun station went into operation in early 2009 as the first Chinese research station on Antarctica's inland. The Zhongshan station, established in 1989, now serves as a supply base for the Kunlun station.A written comment by Vice Premier Li Keqiang sent to the conference said the polar research, a magnificent feat of the mankind, has great significance for China's oceanic work and sustainable development."Over the past two decades, China's polar research made great achievements and became influential globally," Li said.Li encouraged Chinese scientists to actively participate in international exchanges and cooperation, safeguard national interests and contribute to the peaceful use of polar regions.Since the early 1980s, China has sent 27 Antarctic expedition teams and completed four research missions to the Arctic Ocean.Besides the Xuelong icebreaker, China has built three Antarctic stations -- Changcheng (Great Wall), Zhongshan and Kunlun -- and one Arctic station -- Huanghe (Yellow River) Station.

JOHANNESBURG, June 1 (Xinhua) -- An estimated 2 million adolescents ages 10 to 19 are living with HIV, with 86 percent of them from sub-Saharan Africa, according to a global report on HIV prevention launched in Johannesburg on Wednesday.For the first time, the world gets to see the number of adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19 living with HIV in the report named Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood.The report is a jointly publication by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UNAIDS, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the International Labor Organization (ILO) , the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank.According to the report, people aged 15-24 accounted for 41 percent of new infections over the age of 15 in 2009. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million young people in that age group were living with HIV in 2009. Most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, young women make up more than 60 percent of all young people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa that rate jumped to 72 percent.Despite these challenges, the report acknowledges that some progress has been made in preventing new infections among young people."In many high-burden countries, HIV prevalence and incidence have declined among young people. While in 2001 there were 5.7 million young people living with HIV, the figure stands at 5 million (in 2009)," said the UNICEF eastern and southern Africa regional director, Elhadj As Sy, at the media briefing.He pointed that sexual transmission and injection drug use remain the major modes of transmission of HIV among young people. Early sexual debut, early pregnancy and early experiences with drug use all raise risks for HIV infection.The report reveals that unemployment and poverty are reported as the main reasons young people enter the sex trade. Worldwide, many young people driven by economic pressure, exploitation, social exclusion and lack of family support turn to commercial sex and injecting drug use.In 2001, the world made a commitment to reduce the prevalence of HIV among young people by 25 percent by 2010. The actual reduction achieved (from 5.7 million to 5 million) is 12 percent, and it represents less than half the target percentage."To avoid the current programming failures, we have to adopt a ' Continuum of Prevention Approach'." said Lina Mousa, deputy director of UNFPA Africa Regional Office."This continuum of prevention must be reflected in national HIV strategic plans, poverty reduction strategies and global fund proposals. This response must be developed with and for young people so that they own the response together with their communities," she added.To build this continuum of prevention for adolescents and young people, the reports outlined nine specific recommendations including providing young people with information and comprehensive sexuality education, strengthening child protection and social protection measures, engaging communities in shaping a positive social environment that promotes healthy behavior, establishing laws and policies that respect young people's rights.
SAN FRANCISCO, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday unveiled voice search for desktop computers and search-by-image, two new features allowing users to speak their search into the computer and search with the help of images.Speaking at the Internet search giant's Inside Search Event in San Francisco, Mike Cohen, head of Google's speech technology efforts, said its voice search is now available in 27 languages and dialects, an estimated coverage of around 5 billion people or two-thirds of world population.Voice search has already been available in Google's mobile search application from 2008. Adding the feature to desktops is part of Google's strategy to bring mobile innovations to its desktop search.The voice search on desktop performs similarly to voice search on smartphones -- users can click the microphone button and speak the query. It is only available via Google's Chrome browser for now.Cohen noted that the volume of Google mobile speech inputs has increased by six times in the last year.Also at the event, Google introduced search-by-image, which enables users to drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste image URL, or upload the image from the desktop into the search box. They can also use a Chrome or FireFox software extension to add images to the search.Google said the search-by-image feature will be available in most countries and regions over the next few days to Chrome users, noting that it will not collect and store any images that users use.
WASHINGTON, July 20 (Xinhua) -- The loss of a protein that coats sperm may explain a significant proportion of infertility in men worldwide, according to a study by an international team of researchers led by University of California Davis.A paper describing the work was published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The research could open up new ways to screen and treat couples for infertility.The gene DEFB126 encodes a protein called Beta Defensin 126, which coats the surface of sperm and helps it penetrate cervical mucus in the female. A survey of samples from the U.S., Britain and China showed that as many as a quarter of men worldwide carry two copies of the defective gene.In the new study, researchers found that men with a muted DEFB126 lack Beta Defensin 126, making it much more difficult for sperm to swim through the mucus and eventually join with an egg.Examining 500 newly married Chinese couples, researchers found that the lack of Beta Defensin 126 in men with the DEFB126 mutation lowered fertility (even among men that did not display other deficiencies usually associated with infertility, like inadequate semen volume and low sperm motility). Wives of men with the Beta Defensin 126 variant were significantly less likely to become pregnant than were other couples, and 30 percent less likely to have a birth.This genetic variation in DEFB126 likely accounts for many unexplained cases of infertility, researchers say. They hope next to work with a major infertility program in the U.S. to further explore the role of the mutation.
来源:资阳报