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BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhua) -- China's Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Tuesday urged the nation's railway departments to step up efforts to promote safe railway transport and build quality railway projects to better serve social-economic development.Further, priority should be placed on ensuring the safety of the country's high-speed railway in the next five years, Zhang told a national railway conference.Zhang urged railway departments to accelerate construction of the major projects while strengthening quality management and control.He also ordered authorities to make more efforts to improve technological innovation, while sharpen the international competitiveness of railway technologies and products.Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang (C) speaks at a national railway conference in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 4, 2011. In 2010, 1.68 billion passenger journeys were conducted through the nation's railways, up 9.9 percent year on year, according to data from the Ministry of Railways.The total length of the country's railways had reached 91,000 km by 2010, and the railways would reach 120,000 km in five years, according to Chinese Railways Minister Liu Zhijun.

JINAN, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- A rural endowment insurance scheme, which is being operated on trial basis in part of the country's rural area, may bring an end to the tradition of rural seniors who depend on their children for financial support.Under the insurance scheme introduced in September last year, farmers across the country, who aged 60 years or older, each can receive a pension of 55 yuan (8.3 U.S. dollars) paid by the government per month."I never dreamed I would receive a pension like urban residents do," said Liu Fengyan from Nanlin Village, Pingyi County, in east China's Shandong Province."My wife and I receive 110 yuan in total each month and that is enough to subsidize our daily expenses," Liu told reporters.Liu, together with hundreds of thousands of other elderly rural Chinese across China, is one of the first to benefit from the insurance scheme.The Chinese government has vowed to expand the scheme 10 percent per year and cover the whole country by the year 2020.Those under the age of 60 will have to pay 100 to 800 yuan per year into a fund so they can draw the pension once they hit 60 years of age."Farmers are enthusiastic about the program, and nearly 90 percent of farmers in the pilot areas in Shandong have joined the scheme," said Liu Qianjin, deputy director of the Rural Social Insurance Department of the Shandong Provincial Human Resources and Social Security Bureau.Previous pension programs that were not widely accepted because their funding came from the farmers themselves. The new pension is different - it is government funded.The value of the pension differs across China, depending on the financial status of the relevant local government."My husband's mother can get 260 yuan pension each month. She was never covered by social insurance before," said Wang Huailan, 58, from Nancai Village, Shunyi District, Beijing.Wang herself is able to receive 347 yuan per month from the urban-rural residents' pension insurance program.In China's most impoverished province, Guizhou, 27 counties, or 30 percent of all counties, are covered by the pension scheme which benefits more than 1.91 million low-income farmers.By the end of 2010, the rural pension scheme will reach 23 percent of all Chinese counties, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security Yin Weimin said in a recent statement.China's elderly population is growing quickly, posing a new challenge for the government.The number of elderly people aged 60 years or over in China in 2009 grew by 7.25 million to more than 167 million, a report by the Office of the China National Committee on Ageing said.China has a population of 1.3 billion, with 56 percent of its citizens living in rural areas not covered by social security programs.The rural pension scheme -- endorsed by the State Council, China's cabinet -- will ensure the basic living standards of elderly Chinese in rural areas and help narrow the standard-of-living gap between urban and rural areas.Although it is a small sum of money, it is the start of a new era in China, Premier Wen Jiabao said in an interview with Xinhua at the end of 2009.

ASTANA, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's top political adviser, Jia Qinglin, on Tuesday pledged to enhance political and security ties with Kazakhstan.Jia, chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, arrived in Astana on Tuesday afternoon for a three-day official good-will visit to Kazakhstan.Upon his arrival, Jia met Oral Muhamedjanov, chairman of the lower house of the Kazakh parliament."The Chinese-Kazakh relations always kept a sound and quickly developing momentum," Jia said, highlighting the enhanced strategic ties, political mutual trust, and support for each other on issues that concern the core interests of the two countries.Jia Qinglin (L), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, shakes hands with Muhamedjanov, chairman of Mazhlis, or the lower chamber of the Kazakh parliament during their talks in Astana, Kazakhstan, Nov. 9, 2010. China and Kazakhstan have reached consensus on a series of issues this year, 18 years after the two countries established diplopmatic relations.Jia appealed to the two sides to increase high-level visits, boost substantial cooperation between the two reciprocal economies, promote people-to-people contact and humanitarian exchange, especially on the organization of events such as the Asian Games in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou and the Asian Winter Games in Kazakhstan in January.He called for further security cooperation between the two countries and among the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), urging the two states to exert greater effort in fighting the three evil forces of terrorism, separatism and extremism.China will also enhance coordination and cooperation with Kazakhstan within multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations, the SCO and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), in a bid to safeguard common interests and cope with global and regional challenges, Jia said.Muhamedjanov agreed with Jia, saying that Kazakhstan will tap potential for bilateral cooperation in such sectors as energy, environmental protection, agriculture and cross-border water resources.

BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhuanet) --The amendment of China's organ transplant regulations is being prepared and may be out in March after revision, said Vice-Health Minister Huang Jiefu."It will give legal footing to the Red Cross Society of China to set up and run China's organ donation system," he told China Daily.The organ transplant regulations that the amendment will update have been in use since 2007."With the amendment, China will be a step closer to building up a national organ donation system, which is being run as a pilot project in 11 provinces and regions now, and thus ensure the sustainable and healthy development of organ transplants and save more lives," he said.The Red Cross Society's responsibilities will include encouraging posthumous voluntary organ donations, establishing a list of would-be donors and drawing up registers of people waiting for a suitable donated organ.The long-awaited system will be available to everyone in China (excluding prisoners) wanting to donate their organs after their death in the hope of saving lives.Currently, about 10,000 organ transplants are carried out each year on the Chinese mainland. It is estimated that around 1.3 million people are waiting for a transplant.However, there had been a lack of a State-level organ donor system before a trial project was launched in March 2010. Currently, organ donations have come mainly from volunteers and executedprisoners with written consent either from themselves or family members. The process has been put under strict scrutiny from the judicial department, according to the Ministry of Health."An ethically proper source of organs for China's transplants that is sustainable and healthy would benefit more patients," Huang said.He said a trial project run by the Red Cross Society and the Ministry of Health, which was started last March in 11 regions, has led to 30 free and voluntary organ donations."As the pilot gradually expands nationwide, more people will be willing to donate in China."He said willing organ donors, who die in traffic accidents or because of conditions such as a stroke will be the most suitable.Huang stressed that a compensatory aid program for organ donations will also be necessary and he suggested that donors' medical bills and burial fees should be covered and a tax deduction offered, rather than a fixed cash sum paid.Luo Gangqiang, a division director in charge of organ donation work with the Red Cross Society in Wuhan - one of the 11 trial regions - said cash compensation in some areas has prompted potential donors to shop around when deciding whether to donate."Few details concerning the system have been fixed so far," he told China Daily.Luo noted that his region is currently offering donors 10,000 yuan (,500) in compensation, which is less than the amount on offer in Shenzhen, another area participating in the pilot project.He said the money is mainly from hospitals receiving the organs.In other words, "it's finally from the recipients", he said.Many of the pilot areas are trying to set up special funds mainly to compensate donors in various forms, according to Luo."Donations from transplant hospitals, recipients, corporations and the general public are welcome."The money will also be used to support the work of coordinators, mainly nurses working in ICUs, he noted.Luo also pointed out a pressing need for brain death legislation to be brought in to help their work. Worldwide more than 90 countries take brain death as the diagnostic criterion to declare death.Given the limited understanding among the public and even some medical workers about when brain death happens and when cardiac arrest happens coupled with various social and cultural barriers to removing organs, "legislation on brain death won't come shortly", Huang said.For the official standard, "we should advise cardiac death at present as a death standard for donations", he said.But he also suggested that cardiac death and brain death could coexist and that Chinese people could be allowed to choose which one they want as the criterion for their own donations, based on individual circumstances and free will."The health ministry will promote brain death criterion at the appropriate time, when people can understand concepts such as brain death, euthanasia, and vegetative states," he said.Meanwhile, efforts are under way including organizing training, publishing technical diagnostic criteria and operational specifications on brain death among doctors to enhance their awareness.So far, China has an expert team of more than 100 people capable of handling brain death related issues, Huang noted.