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New research suggests that antibodies the immune system makes to fight the new coronavirus may only last a few months in people with mild illness, but that doesn’t mean protection also is gone or that it won’t be possible to develop an effective vaccine.“Infection with this coronavirus does not necessarily generate lifetime immunity,” but antibodies are only part of the story, said Dr. Buddy Creech, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. He had no role in the work, published Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.The immune system remembers how to make fresh antibodies if needed and other parts of it also can mount an attack, he said.Antibodies are proteins that white blood cells called B cells make to bind to the virus and help eliminate it. The earliest ones are fairly crude but as infection goes on, the immune system becomes trained to focus its attack and to make more precise antibodies.Dr. Otto Yang and others at the University of California, Los Angeles, measured these more precise antibodies in 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and four housemates presumed to have the disease. Their average age was 43 and most had mild symptoms.Researchers found that the antibodies had a half-life of 73 days, which means that half of them would be gone after that much time. It dovetails with a previous report from China also suggesting antibodies quickly fade.The results “call for caution regarding antibody-based ‘immunity passports,’ herd immunity, and perhaps vaccine durability,” the California authors write.That’s true, Creech said, but other parts of the immune system also help confer protection. Besides churning out antibodies, B cells develop a memory so they know how to do that again if needed.“They would get called into action very quickly when there’s a new exposure to the virus. It’s as if they lie dormant, just waiting,” he said.Other white blood cells called T cells also are better able to attack the virus the next time they see it, Creech said.Although circulating antibodies may not last long, what we need to know is if and how people remake antibodies if exposed to the coronavirus again and if they protect against another infection, Alison Criss, an immunologist at the University of Virginia, wrote in an email. “We also need to know if there is a protective T cell response” that reappears.Vaccines, which provoke the immune system to make antibodies, might give longer-lasting protection than natural infection because they use purified versions of what stimulates that response, she noted.Creech agreed.“This shouldn’t dissuade us from pursuing a vaccine,” he said. “Antibodies are only a part of the story.”___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 2967

Netflix CEO Reed Hastings and his wife, Patty Quillin, are donating 0 million toward student scholarships at historically black colleges and universities. The couple is giving million to each of three institutions: the United Negro College Fund, Spelman College and Morehouse College. The organizations said it is the largest individual gift in support of student scholarships at HBCUs. Hastings has a history of supporting educational causes, including charter schools. He launched a 0 million education fund in 2016, beginning with money toward college scholarships for black and Latino students.Business leaders have pledged solidarity with the black community amid ongoing protests over police brutality. 726

NEW YORK (AP) — Long before he was a music icon in skintight jeans, leather jacket and designer stubble, George Michael was something else — awkward, chubby and insecure. He even went by the very unhip nickname Yog.A loving portrait of a young, striving Michael is offered in a new book by his closest friend and former bandmate, Andrew Ridgeley. His "Wham! George Michael & Me" is part memoir and part monument to one of the biggest pop stars of the 1980s."The point of the book was really to illustrate our friendship and how it really formed," Ridgeley told The Associated Press. "It's very difficult to put it into words or really put your finger on exactly what it was that people found so attractive about Wham! But it was a lot to do with George and me and our friendship."In the book, Ridgeley traces the rise of Wham! and key moments in the band's career, like the creation of hits like "Careless Whisper" and "Everything She Wants," their appearances at Live Aid and the time in 1985 when the band became the first Western pop group to visit China.But while this may be Ridgely's memoir, Michael looms large and the book peters out after Wham! broke up in 1986 as Michael's star soared, almost as if the most interesting thing Ridgeley has to write about is his friend, who died on Christmas Day 2016.There are fun anecdotes, such as the drunken hijinks that accompanied the video shoot for "Last Christmas," the reason why Ridgeley wasn't part of Band Aid and the note he drunkenly wrote on his parents' fridge that became the title of a Wham! hit: "Mum, wake me up up before you go go."The book also deals with more weighty subjects, like how their lives changed as tabloids stalked the pair and that during the band's life Michael realized he was gay but remained closeted. It was a business decision to stay there."He felt it would undermine us and our chances of success. And it was very important to both of us that Wham! was a success that we wished for," Ridgeley said. "It was tough for him. There's no doubt about that. And it caused him a great deal of discomfort."Ridgeley met a 13-year-old Michael — born Georgios Panayiotou to a Cypriot family — in 1975, at school in Hertfordshire, England. They quickly bonded over a shared sense of humor and music, both loving Queen, Elton John and David Bowie.The pair formed a ska-influenced quintet called The Executive and then in 1981 re-emerged as a duo, taking the name Wham! from their first completed song, "Wham Rap."Ridgeley, 56, writes that Wham! was never meant to last very long, saying the youth-driven duo was intended to "burn brightly, but briefly." Ridgeley just wanted to form a band, write music and perform. Michael soon outgrew his bandmate and their breakup was amicable. "I achieved my ambition early in life," Ridgeley said.The book charts the evolution of Michael from a frumpy, uncool kid who collected Spider-Man comics into a superstar, with detours into very tight Fila shorts and plenty of hours of hair teasing. Ridgely has a few well-intentioned cracks at Michael's early fashion mistakes and his later endless obsession with his appearance."He struggled with his looks and his weight as an adolescent," Ridgely said. "His transformation, in every sense, is quite amazing. Music and the career that he chose, allowed him to become, in some ways, the man in his mind's eye."Ridgeley said he didn't always handle the tabloid press very well, unable to shake the "Animal Andy" or "Randy Andy" labels as a hard-partying pop star. In many ways, the book is a lesson for any wannabe pop stars out there about the pitfalls ahead."If I was advising the 20-year-old Andrew Ridgeley from this perspective, I'd be telling him to do things very differently," Ridgeley said."Perhaps the biggest lesson that I would say is the one to learn is not to let fame and fortune get inside your head," he added. "Give yourself a healthy bit of distance between your fame and reality because they are two different things."Among the book's highlights are the dozens of photos included, complete with witty captions from Ridgeley. One of the duo wearing swimsuits is labeled "poseurs," another of them dancing onstage is given "prancers" and a third of them joking around gets "prats.""I had great fun doing that. I could just imagine George next to me going through those," Ridgely said. "It was important that whilst the music and the making of the music was serious business, we weren't a serious business." 4493

NEW YORK (AP) — New York City police were concerned about Pete Davidson after he wrote "I don't want to be on this earth anymore" on Instagram. And they visited the "Saturday Night Live" star to make sure he was OK.A police spokesman declined to say where officers met with Ariana Grande's ex-fiance on Saturday. But his Instagram posting was deleted and NBC did not cancel its live show.On the show, Davidson introduced a performance of John Lennon's song "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" by musical guests Miley Cyrus, Mark Ronson and Sean Ono Lennon.What alarmed Davidson's fans and authorities was the tone of the entertainer's post: "I'm doing my best to stay here for you but I actually don't know how much longer I can last. All I've ever tried to do was help people. Just remember I told you so." He added a heart emoji.Social media erupted with words of love for the 25-year-old comedian and native New Yorker who first appeared on "Saturday Night Live" in 2014. And his name is trending on Twitter.One admirer tweeted "hang in there. There is a lot of help out here. Surrender to some love ... I'm praying for you Pete. I've been there. It gets better."Earlier this month, Davidson wrote on Instagram that he has spoken about borderline personality disorder from which he says he suffers, "and being suicidal publicly only in the hopes that it will help bring awareness and help kids like myself who don't want to be on this earth."No matter how hard the internet or anyone tries to make me kill myself. I won't. I'm upset I even have to say this."Davidson and Grande were engaged in June, but broke up earlier this fall.In November, Davidson apologized for mocking the appearance of a veteran who lost an eye in Afghanistan.He said Lt. Com. Dan Crenshaw, now a congressman-elect from Texas, "deserves all the respect in the world."On SNL's "Weekend Update" segment , Davidson was joined by Crenshaw, a Navy SEAL.Davidson had mocked Crenshaw a week earlier, saying viewers might be surprised he's "not a hit man in a porno movie."Crenshaw, a Republican who won a House seat in the 2018 midterm elections, took some joking shots at Davidson. And when his cellphone rang, the tone was "Breathin" by Grande.Crenshaw got serious at the end, encouraging civilians and veterans to connect and paying tribute to heroes like Davidson's father, a firefighter who died in the 9/11 terror attacks.If you or a loved one needs help, call 1-800-273-8255. 2453

NESTOR, Calif. (KGTV) -- Supporters are defending The San Diego Police Department after a controversial email detailing an incentive-based program was released to Team 10.RELATED:  San Diego Police Chief launches internal investigation into "rewards for arrests" emailTasha Williamson says she is a civil rights activist. She organized the protest outside the Southern Division in Nestor Monday night, but she was far outnumbered by residents and business owners who showed up to support the officers and thank them for their service. RELATED:  Protest planned over controversial San Diego Police Department email"You hear words like quota and you get a little nervous, but I don't, and knowing these police officers, I don't believe for a minute that any of this was racially motivated or supposed to be directed at communities of color. I've been a person of color, I've seen things, they're not happening here," said Jason Wells. Williamson and a handful of other people at the protest are upset about an email sent by a police sergeant to the 90 officers at the Southern Division suggesting a reward based program for drug arrests. Team 10 obtained the email from an officer who wished to remain anonymous out of fears for his job.  According to the email, the officer with the most points would be rewarded with the opportunity to work in a specialized unit for up to a month. The goal was to motivate officers, increase experience and target high-crime areas.  It stated the program was being instituted in Southern Division and is strictly voluntary. It also stated that the program runs from March 1 (retroactive) to April 14.Williamson said the fact the whistleblower felt the need to go to the media, not a supervisor, is another red flag."I'm also concerned that no one else stepped forward out of the 90 officers, only one, and I'm concerned about the culture in the department in how they are really an open door policy," said Williamson.  The anonymous officer told Team 10, other officers were concerned but allowed him to speak for them. Protesters also say "quota systems" breed corruption and target low-income neighborhoods with fewer resources to fight drug problems."I'm concerned that incentive-based programs within internally with the police department would cause corruption and the incentive-based program in low-income communities for drug arrests have primarily been discriminatory," said Williamson.  "Policing should not be a game. It's not fun to arrest people if you want to do a quota, do it on something that can't be transferred from one pocket to another during a stop," said another protester. San Diego's new Police Chief David Nisleit told 10News the program was never authorized or carried out. Chief Nisleit said the email was sent by mistake and retracted within days. The chief said he's launching an internal investigation into why and how the idea was developed.  We asked what happened to the sergeant who sent the email, we are still waiting for a response.Williamson is calling on the chief to meet with her personally, along with other activists, so they can share their concerns.  3243

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