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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — From business closures to limits on gatherings, there’s mounting evidence that government restrictions do slow the spread of COVID-19. But which policies are the most effective?A study published this month in the journal Science aims to answer that question by examining data from 41 countries outside the U.S.The researchers examined seven kinds of COVID-19 policies in mostly European countries and compared them to case and death rates in those countries over time.The policies included limiting gatherings to 1000 people or less, to 100 people or less, and to 10 people or less; a targeted closure on high-risk businesses; a broad closure of most non-essential businesses; school and university closures; and stay-at-home orders.The authors found limiting gatherings to 10 people or less was the most effective nonpharmaceutical intervention of the seven examined, reducing the transmission rate by 42 percent.Closing schools and universities was next, cutting transmission by 38 percent. The researchers said they were not able to examine the relative importance of closing universities over grade schools because such closures were typically implemented at the same time.Next, the researchers examined the impact of two kinds of business closures. They found broad closures of most non-essential businesses were “only somewhat more effective than targeted closures” of high-risk businesses like restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Broad business closures reduced transmission by 27 percent compared to an 18 percent reduction for targeted closures.“Therefore, targeted business closures can be a promising policy option in some circumstances,” the authors wrote.The study estimates those three policies together -- closing high-risk businesses, closing schools and universities, and limiting gatherings to no more than 10 people -- are enough lower to slow the spread of the virus.In epidemiological terms, interventions are considered successful when they lower the so-called number below 1. The reproduction number, or R number, is the average number of people who become infected from one infectious person. Without interventions, the study found the R number for COVID-19 between January and May was 3.3.The study did not examine the impact of wearing masks, but other studies have found that masks can also significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19.So what about stay-at-home orders? Mandatory stay-at-home orders where people are only allowed outside for essential tasks or during certain times of the day tend to be a last resort, when there are other restrictions already in place.The researchers found mandatory stay-at-home orders cut transmission another 13 percent on top of other policies. “Issuing a stay-at-home order had a small effect when a country had already closed educational institutions, closed nonessential businesses, and banned gatherings,” the authors wrote. 2919

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Hundreds of men in high heels strutted through downtown San Diego on Saturday morning to support victims of domestic violence.The 11th annual “Walk a Mile in Her Shoes” event started with the mile walk and ended with a family festival featuring face painting, live music and more.“It is a lighthearted way to bring awareness to domestic violence,” said Heather Frinlay, the Chief Operating Officer of the YWCA of San Diego County. The morning of family fun raised money for programs that provide victims of domestic violence resources like housing, counseling, and legal aid.“This is not a private issue; this is a community issue,” said Frinlay. “We still have one in four women, and now one in seven men experiencing domestic violence in their lifetimes.”San Diego County reported more than 17,000 incidents of domestic violence in 2017. 871

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Friday, small businesses throughout San Diego came together against a proposed ban of Styrofoam and single-use plastics while proponents are holding their ground, citing environmental impacts.Some San Diego County cities voted to ban the Styrofoam containers at restaurants as part of an effort to clean up the environment.Those in favor of the ban say it will help keep debris out of the ocean. Local restaurants, however, say they’re worried that banning the containers will force them to use more expensive products, an expense that some say would be passed along to customers.RELATED: City votes 3-2 in favor of Styrofoam container?ban  Friday, some of San Diego’s small restaurant owners gathered outside San Diego City Council President Myrtle Cole’s office to drop off more than 50 letters voicing their opposition to the ban.Business owners argue that San Diego already allows residents to recycle foam food containers in curbside blue bins.RELATED: New California law limits single-use plastic straws in restaurantsThose against the measure also say the move would force restaurants to spend as much as 145 percent more on alternative containers.Earlier in 2018, the City of San Diego Rules Committee voted 3-2 in favor of a Styrofoam and single-use plastic reduction ordinance. RELATED: California law makes milk or water default kids' meal drinkMonday, Councilmember Chris Ward plans to meet with proponents of the ban. The meeting is scheduled for 1 p.m. at the City Administration Building. 1551

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Friday morning, SANDAG’s board will decide how to spend 0 million throughout San Diego County between roads, public transportation and other projects. According to a budget released by SANDAG, most of the funds will go towards transportation, not roads. The move has some throughout the county concerned that not enough will go toward roads in need of repair. “I'm pragmatic about it and I do worry about the fact that these tend to suck up all of the money and leave nothing left for highways,” said El Cajon Mayor Bill Wells.The concern comes after SANDAG announced “5 Big Moves.” The project focuses on the future of public transportation. Read all five points of the plan below: Complete CorridorsThe backbone of a complete transportation system that leverages technology, pricing, and connectivity to repurpose how both highways and local roads are used and managed. Complete Corridors would increase safety, capacity, and efficiency; provide dedicated space for high-speed transit and other pooled services; manage demand in real-time; and maximize use of existing roadways. Local roads are designed and operated to equally accommodate all users, including transit, cars, bikes, pedestrians, and commercial vehicles. Features may include dynamically managed curb space, transit amenities, bike facilities, pedestrian refuges, or smart intersection systems. Smart intersection systems would improve safety for all modes through use of sensors and alerts to vehicles and individuals, and could give transit priority treatments that make transit faster and more reliable. Wireless charging at parking facilities, intersections, and/or roadways will support future induction charging for zero-emission vehicles. Complete Corridors will provide connections to the Mobility Hubs network and infrastructure to support use of shared, on-demand Flexible Fleets. Transit LeapA complete network of high-capacity, high-speed, and high-frequency transit services that incorporates new transit modes and improves existing services. New high-speed services could include grade separated or tunneled services that span long segments with limited stops connecting major destinations. Potential improvements to existing transit lines include double or triple tracking, higher frequencies, dedicated lanes, and signal priorities managed through Complete Corridors. These routes will connect to Mobility Hubs and provide travelers a true alternative for traveling to work, home, and major destinations as fast or faster than driving. Transit services will feature better integration with other services for limited transfers with better timed connections, offer more individualized transit services, and transition to electric or alternative fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Mobility HubsPlaces of connectivity where a variety of travel options come together to deliver a seamless travel experience in the heart of the communities where people live, work, and play. Mobility Hubs surround high-speed transit in the Transit Leap and integrate with Complete Corridors to align with the network of smart, managed corridors. Supporting land uses that increase housing near transit and enhanced infrastructure for bikes and pedestrians will encourage more people to walk and/or bike. Flexible Fleets also are integrated and offer numerous shared mobility services that extend the reach to high-speed transit and improve access to an individual’s origin or destination. Hubs are customized based on the surrounding community’s transportation needs and include layers of features including shared mobility services, infrastructure improvements, ITS investments, and amenities. Flexible FleetsOn-demand, shared, electric vehicles that connect to transit within a Mobility Hub and provide users a convenient travel option between Mobility Hubs along the region’s network of Complete Corridors. Micromobility fleets range from shared bikes to shuttles and are supported by infrastructure and dedicated space provided in Complete Corridors. These diverse vehicle sizes and speeds provide personalized travel options for different types of trips and environments. Fleets will use a mobile app where users can plan, book, and pay for all their transportation services in one place. As technology evolves, driverless vehicle fleets will communicate to each other and surrounding infrastructure to make safe and timely connections. This includes transporting travelers and delivering commercial and retail goods.Next OSThe “brain” of the entire transportation system. The Next Operating System (Next OS) is an integrated platform that will make the above strategies work together by connecting users, transportation service providers, and infrastructure to orchestrate more efficient movement of people and goods. This holistic approach enables real-time data exchange for seamless multimodal travel, more accessible and cost-effective travel with a single payment and ticket, and dynamic pricing and incentives to balance network performance. This regional system manages supply and demand, drives system-wide optimization, and facilitates increased use of existing transportation systems to achieve desired goals around climate, environment, safety, and mobility.Specifics of SANDAG’s budget include million for new coaster trains, million for new trolleys, million for central transit hub. Meanwhile, SANDAG says it needs to focus on public transportation to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions. Read the full meeting agenda by clicking here. 5569

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Frustrated residents in San Carlos are searching for answers as their neighborhood has turned into a dumping ground for dogs. 152

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