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LUANDA, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's eight-measure policy designed to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Africa has been effectively carried out with remarkable achievements in the past two years, Chinese Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said Monday.     In an exclusive interview with Xinhua, Chen said remarkable achievements have been scored in the two-way economic relations and trade cooperation between China and African since Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the eight-measure African policy at the Beijing Summit of the China-African Cooperation Forum in 2006 in Beijing.     The policy covers China's assistance to Africa, preferential loans and credits, the building of a conference center for the African Union, the canceling of debts, further opening-up of China's markets to Africa, the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones in Africa, and the training of African professionals.     Since 2007, China has signed bilateral aid accords with 48 African countries and loan agreements with favorable terms with 22African countries, Chen said.     The year 2009 will witness a 200-percent increase in aid accords with African countries in value terms as compared to 2006,the minister said.     Meanwhile, the Chinese government will exempt 168 debts that should be paid by the end of 2005 by 33 African countries, he noted.     To encourage Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa, the Chinese government has established the China-Africa Fund with an initial allocation of 1 billion dollars, Chen said.     By the end of 2008, the China-Africa Fund had invested about 400 million dollars in 20 projects, which brought the total investment in Africa by Chinese enterprises to about 2 billion dollars.     The Chinese side plans to gradually expand the fund to 5 billion dollars, Chen said.     In addition, the construction of economic and trade zones or duty free trade zones in Africa is progressing smoothly, including the Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, the Guangdong Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone in Nigeria and the Lekky Duty Free Trade Zone in Lagos, Nigeria, the Egypt-Suez Economic and Trade Zone and Ethiopian Orient Industrial Park, the minister said.     The Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, as China's first trade cooperation zone in Africa, has been initially completed and put into operation, Chen said.     Ten Chinese enterprises with a combined investment of more than700 million dollars have set up plants in the zone located in the Zambian capital of Lusaka, offering some 3,500 jobs for local people, he noted.     Zambian President Rupiah Banda spoke highly of the establishment of the Zambia-China Economic and Trade Zone, as well as China's eight-measure economic policy on Africa. Like the Tanzania-Zambia Railway, the Zambian president said, the zone is a key measure symbolizing the Sino-African friendship in a new era.     To expand imports from the most underdeveloped African countries, China has exempted import tariffs from 31 African countries on farm products, stone materials, minerals, leather and hide, textiles, clothing, electric appliances and machinery and equipment, Chen said.     The African countries have gained a total of 680 million dollars in tariff exemptions during the period from 2006 to October 2008.     China has also cooperated in training African scientists and technical personnel in sectors including agriculture, medical care, social development and education.     Since 2007, China has offered training programs for 10,916 people from 49 African countries. By the end of 2009 China will send 100 advanced-level agrotechnicians to 35 African countries, Chen said.     China plans to establish 14 agricultural technology demonstration centers, all of which will begin construction by the end of this year.     Meanwhile, about half of the hospitals that China pledged to help build in Africa have already finished construction bidding, Chen noted.     The construction of the African Union Conference Center, also a Chinese aid project, began last December and is scheduled to be completed in 2011, he said.     Chen was scheduled to leave Angola for China on Monday, wrapping up a three-nation African trip that also took him to Kenya and Zambia.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- The Pentagon said Monday that five detainees at U.S. Naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, want to confess to conspiracy charges for planning the 9/11 attacks.     Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the "architect" of the attacks, and four co-conspirators asked a military judge if they could withdraw all pending motions and plead guilty, Pentagon spokesman Gail Crawford told reporters.     The judge accepted the request but ruled that "competency hearings" are first needed for two of the five, Mustafa al Hawsawi and Ramzi bin al Shibh, because "questions exist as to their competency to stand trial," he said.     Meanwhile, Denis McDonough, a senior adviser to President-elect Barack Obama, told media that no decisions have been made by Obama about what to do with the 255 inmates presently held at Guantanamo.     "There is no process in place to make that decision until Obama's national security and legal teams are assembled," he said.     Sources close to Obama team said the incoming administration is considering putting some of the inmates on trial in existing federal courts, setting up a special national security court to deal with cases involving sensitive intelligence, and releasing other inmates.

BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Saturday called on officials and party members to well study two new guidelines while learning and implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development.     Xi told a video conference here that President Hu Jintao's speech at the event to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the 3rdplenary session of the 11th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on Thursday was an important guideline for Chinese people to bring the socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new stage.     Through this speech, all CPC members will fully understand the achievements in the past three decades and the bright future of the country, he said.     All the party members should realize their responsibility, fear no risk and remain resolved against any disturbance, he said.     Xi urged officials and party members to fully understand and implement the guidelines set at the annual Central Economic Work Conference.     In September, the CPC launched a one and a half year campaign to study and apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, which was adopted by the party at the 17th CPC National Congress in October 2007.     Now the campaign has entered a stage that officials should find out major problems that holds back the Scientific Development, Xi said.     Everyone should work hard to identify the exact problems and the cause of the problems in a bid to work out effective solutions, he said.

BEIJING, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government will inject more funds for investment and improve investment structures to better cope with adverse global economic conditions, the State Council (Cabinet) decided at an executive meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao on Monday.     To achieve "steady and relative fast" economic growth and prevent "economic ups and downs" amid global and domestic economic challenges was on top of the country's agenda, said Wen.     The government on Sunday announced it would launch a stimulus package estimated at 4 trillion yuan (570 billion U.S. dollars) to be spent over the next two years to finance programs in 10 major areas, such as low-income housing, rural infrastructure, water, electricity, transport, the environment and technological innovation.     "The country should strengthen management of large-scale investment projects, conduct feasibility studies in an earnest manner and increase investment efficiencies and profits," said a statement from the meeting, in which provincial leaders and Cabinet ministers participated.     Wen said the stimulus package was crucial to tiding over the difficulties and maintaining long-term economic growth momentum.     He urged local governments to be "quick" and "effective" in carrying out these measures with "large-scale" investment programs launched to boost domestic demand.     The meeting participants called for more efforts to increase incomes and consumption capabilities, raising low-income earnings, promoting the "stable and healthy" development of the property sector and maintaining steady export growth.     The country should endeavor to enhance competitiveness, improve financial macro-management and facilitate the steady and healthy development of the stock market.     China announced on Sunday that it would adopt "active" fiscal and "moderately active" monetary policies to expand domestic demand and speed up construction of public facilities.     The meeting also decided to push forward a series of key reforms, including restructuring the value-added tax regime, which could cut the tax burden on enterprises by 120 billion yuan next year.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

来源：资阳报