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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

Carnival Cruise Lines announced Wednesday that it had canceled most cruises that were scheduled to embark from U.S. through the end of January 2021.In addition, the company announced that all cruises embarking from Baltimore; Charleston, South Carolina; Long Beach, California; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans and San Diego has been canceled through the end of February and that all cruises on the Carnival Legend that embark from Tampa, Florida had been canceled through March 28.In a tweet, Carnival said that when it restarts operations in 2021, it will focus on cruises embarking from Miami and Port Canaveral, Florida. Later, it will begin sending cruises out of Galveston, Texas. 690

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) - On Thursday, police reform activists gathered outside the Carlsbad Police Department to publicly discuss their recent meeting with police over last month's controversial arrest and Taser incident with Marcel Cox-Harshaw, an African American man."We're satisfied with the fact that they met us but we're not overall satisfied until we see results," said Yusef Miller with the North County Civil Liberties Coalition.Sheila Kenny with Indivisible49 told reporters, "Citizens of North County want to express their concerns about the possibility of future incidents reoccurring if the police department does not make some changes."RELATED: Activists to demand changes within Carlsbad Police Department after controversial arrestRobert Jenkins with the North County NAACP added, "We feel in this time of heightened police brutality and racial injustices among people of color, specifically African American men, that racial bias training should be more frequent."Witness video shows officers using a Taser on Harshaw and pressing his head into the pavement. Police body cam video shows officers meeting medics who were called out to a report of a man face down on the sidewalk.Police described him as refusing their commands and being combative, so they say that they used a Taser to subdue him before sending him to the hospital.RELATED: Carlsbad police release body camera footage amid public concerns over officer misconductActivists argued that police should have done more to de-escalate the encounter.“They invited us to help look at their de-escalation policies and engagement policies to see if there are places where we can tweak,” said Miller.Activists said they're also working with the department to create public forums on police conduct and form a Citizens Review Board.After Harshaw's arrest, police reported that a number of factors were considered by officers to use force, including the threat that they said Harshaw had posed to medics.Carlsbad Police Department sent ABC 10News the following statement on Thursday: 2062

Carnival Cruise Lines announced Thursday that they are canceling several cruises until early 2021 due to COVID-19.In a press release, the cruise line company said that all P&O Cruises to the Caribbean were canceled until Jan. 2021, and cruises from and to Southampton, Arcadia, and Aurora were canceled through February.P&O Cruises is part of the Carnival Corporation.“With evolving restrictions on travel from the UK, unfortunately, it is necessary to cancel these itineraries," P&O Cruises president Paul Ludlow said in the news release. "These further cancellations vary according to ship as well as complexity and length of itineraries, advice, and guidance regarding ports of call and current air availability for fly/cruises. We are continuing to monitor the overall situation closely and will certainly reintroduce cruises should the opportunity arise, and it is feasible to do so.”Carnival also stated that they were delaying the return of Carnival Paradise, Carnival Magic, Carnival Valor, and the Carnival Spirit until next year "after scheduled dry dock enhancements are completed in the first half of 2021.""This extended pause in our operations has also impacted shipyard availability, and we've had to reschedule required dry docks," Christine Duffy, president of Carnival Cruise Line in the release. "As we continue to work through issues related to our eventual return to operations, we are committed to providing our guests and travel agent partners with certainty where we can, although we regret disappointing our guests. We appreciate the continued support and understanding of our guests and hope to welcome them back onboard soon."According to the Washington Post, the cruise line company also plans to sell 18 ships, which makes up 23% of its fleet. 1792

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — Brad Pitt, star of the new space movie "Ad Astra," had a burning question for a real-life astronaut."Who was more believable? Clooney or Pitt?"In a televised call Monday, NASA astronaut Nick Hague answered Pitt — "absolutely" — getting a big laugh. Pitt's Hollywood pal George Clooney starred in the 2013 space film "Gravity."Hague and the rest of the International Space Station crew previewed "Ad Astra" a few weeks ago. The movie opens Friday down here.Pitt portrays an astronaut who travels through the solar system to find his father. The film includes actual NASA shots of the moon and Mars."How'd we do? How was our zero-G?" Pitt asked from NASA headquarters in Washington."I got to tell you, it was really good," said Hague, six months into his own 6 ?-month mission. "The depictions, the settings all as you can tell look very similar to the type of setting I've got around me. I got to imagine it was a lot easier for me to kind of enjoy the zero-G than it was you," he added, flipping in weightlessness.Pitt noted the movie's spaceship was "a bit cleaner" than the station. After asking about spacewalking and seeing Earth from space, Pitt said, "Most important question: Who controls the jam box?" Answer: The astronauts take turns. With three Americans, two Russians and an Italian on board, the music has an "international flare," Hague said.The 20-minute chat ended with Pitt sharing, "I can't wait to brag to my kids."___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 1662