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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

BEIJING, March 22 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA scientists are testing its next-generation Mars rover, which will land on Mars next year, under extreme conditions at space-simulation chamber in California, media reports said Tuesday.Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., say they've installed the Curiosity rover in a space-simulation chamber that can mimic the environment the probe will encounter on Mars.  After the chamber's large door was sealed last week, air was pumped out to near-vacuum pressure, liquid nitrogen in the walls dropped the temperature to minus 130 degrees Celsius, and a bank of powerful lamps simulated the intensity of sunshine on Mars.After the test period, the rover along with other portions of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft including the cruise stage, descent stage and backshell -- part of protective covering -- will be shipped to the Kennedy Space Center for final preparation for the launch window from Nov. 25 to Dec. 18, 2011. Curiosity will study whether a selected area of Mars has offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life and for preserving evidence about whether Martian life has existed.

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study has found that many overweight women and children often underestimate how heavy they are, according to media reports Wednesday.The study, conducted by researchers from Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, surveyed 111 women with the average age of 39 and 111 children aged between 7 and 13.Among the participants, about 66 percent of the women and 39 percent of the kids were overweight or obese.They were shown images of different body silhouettes representing a range of weights, including underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and extremely obese.The research findings showed that 82 percent of obese women and 43 percent of overweight women underestimated their weight, while only 13 percent of normal weight women did so.As to the children group, about 86 percent overweight or obese kids low-balled their weight.Lead author Dr. Nicole Dumas said, "The implications of this is the overwhelming impact of obesity on children who are growing up in communities where obesity and overweight is the norm rather than the exception."  She added, "Strategies to overcome the obesity epidemic will need to address this barrier to weight loss."

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study has found that many overweight women and children often underestimate how heavy they are, according to media reports Wednesday.The study, conducted by researchers from Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, surveyed 111 women with the average age of 39 and 111 children aged between 7 and 13.Among the participants, about 66 percent of the women and 39 percent of the kids were overweight or obese.They were shown images of different body silhouettes representing a range of weights, including underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and extremely obese.The research findings showed that 82 percent of obese women and 43 percent of overweight women underestimated their weight, while only 13 percent of normal weight women did so.As to the children group, about 86 percent overweight or obese kids low-balled their weight.Lead author Dr. Nicole Dumas said, "The implications of this is the overwhelming impact of obesity on children who are growing up in communities where obesity and overweight is the norm rather than the exception."  She added, "Strategies to overcome the obesity epidemic will need to address this barrier to weight loss."

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's top leading body Monday pledged to prevent wild swings in the economy, while warning that the economic situation in 2011 would be complicated.The country should maintain stable and consistent macro-economic policies while improving accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of the policies, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided at a meeting presided over by President Hu Jintao, who is also General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.Officials at the meeting were urged to "remain sober, be aware of difficulties, and work hard to fulfill the tasks this year so as to create a good beginning for the 12th Five-Year Program (2011-2015)."The top echelon of leadership reassured that China would continue an active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, while trying to balance steady economic growth with economic restructuring and control of inflationary expectations."It is necessary to maintain stable commodity prices, expand domestic consumption, increase investment in agriculture, speed up industrial restructuring, promote education and development of science and technology, and improve people's livelihoods and cultural services," the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee urged at the meeting.It also reiterated the importance of making great efforts to expand reforms in key sectors, advance the cause of opening-up, while intensifying endeavor to build a clean government and fight corruption.Members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee also discussed the drafts of the government work report and the 12th Five-year Program, or the national development plan for 2011 to 2015.The two documents will be submitted to the top legislature for discussion and approval at its forthcoming annual session in March.The period from 2011 to 2015 will be critical for China which wants to build a well-off society, said a statement from the meeting.In the next five years, in a bid to meet Chinese people's expectations for a better life, China will stick to scientific development by focusing on accelerated transformation of its way of economic growth while deepening the reform and opening-up, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods, according to the statement."It is necessary to solidify and boost China's success in outperforming other countries in dealing with the international financial turmoil, and advance the economy to grow at a faster and steady pace for a long time while guaranteeing social harmony and stability," the statement said.Great efforts should also be made to develop social services, advance the cause of conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment in a down-to-earth manner, as well as keep intensifying the drive to enhance reform of the government, the statement said.