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MOSCOW, April 12 (Xinhua) -- Does life exist on other planets beyond the solar system? Are there any other planets like the Earth in our universe? And what does the universe look like?On questions related to outer space, human beings have never stopped observing and thinking.Yuri Gagarin, who made the first manned space flight on April 12, 1961, and orbited Earth for 108 minutes before safely landing, opened a window named "space" to humankind. The Soviet cosmonaut's journey continues to be an inspiration for the world to "conquer" space -- but now for more peaceful purposes.After the Cold War, cooperation on space exploration and scientific researches has turned to a more pragmatic way. More and more countries are realizing that space programs are closely linked with their people's lives than ever before.GAGARIN'S LEGACY INSPIRES PEACEFUL COOPERATION IN SPACEThe UN General Assembly adopted a resolution earlier this month that declares April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight. The resolution has been supported by more than 60 countries."Man's space odyssey, the fruitful cooperation of many states in outer space would have been impossible without the very first step, Yuri Gagarin's flight," said Vitaly Churkin, Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.However, the first human space flight was actually a result of competition between the East and the West at the height of the Cold War when the Berlin Wall was built.That competition gradually evolved, however, into a joint space project that has drawn more than 15 nations -- the International Space Station (ISS). Such a project would almost impossible to imagine before.The Mars-500 project in Moscow, aimed at testing the physical and psychological strains on humans during a 500-day journey to "Mars," is another good example of the international cooperation in scientific research. The experiment included six crew members from four countries, including Russia, China, France and Italy.Compared with the times of Gagarin, who died in a 1968 plane crash,mankind has changed its approach to space exploration, rendering it more pragmatic. That's according to cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov, now a deputy head of the Space Flight Center in the Energy Rocket-Space Corporation."Early romanticism and space race have gone. Countries have been replaced by the business-oriented cooperation in the recent decade," Vinogradov told Xinhua.Experts said the scale and costs of space explorations require massive international cooperation."Space programs have been more money-thirsty even than military programs, so the nations seek closer cooperation," Vinogradov said, "and this pays off."STARDUST YIELDS TO PRAGMATISMUnlike 50 years ago, space technologies now are more closely linked to people and more directly affect their daily lives. Nowadays, one just cannot imagine life without satellite TV or GPS.Veteran cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said orbits have become construction sites rather than military facilities and the space industry itself has swiftly evolved into just another sector of the global economy.Echoing Grechko, Vinogradov said space also is a testing ground for many other sectors, including the bio-technological and pharmaceutical industries."What is just as important, outer space has turned into a platform for close, open, and fruitful international cooperation for the benefits of global, universal peace and development," Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said.UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss has said that the newly established International Day of Human Space Flight should serve as an opportunity to reflect on the importance of peaceful use of space to develop essential technologies and scientific breakthroughs."Space technology is used in matters diverse, such as the fight against climate change, against desertification, and against the loss of biodiversity," Deiss said. "The satellite images provided have given essential data when it comes to avoiding the risks of natural disasters."So far, mankind has never stopped making progress beyond the earth's boundaries and the progress itself has never stopped sparking people's imagination about what is possible through the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.What's more, humankind has never stopped the space dream."The task of the government is to inject into the people an ability to dream," said Igor Zadorin, a member of Russia's National Strategy Council.Here is interesting news: NASA's head Charles Bolden arrived in Russia on the eve of Gagarin's flight anniversary and was expected to discuss Russia-U.S. cooperation on a joint flight to Mars by a nuclear-powered spacecraft.What can we expect in the future?

MOSCOW, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's steady economic rise causes both high hopes and anxiety among world leaders, but a Russian expert believes China's peaceful development is an opportunity for the entire world.Yakov Berger of the Far East Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences told Xinhua that China's policy of peaceful development is a strategic choice, aimed at long-term and sustainable growth."China overcame the global financial crisis, decreased poverty, and increased people's wealth," Berger said."Still, many important tasks for China remain to be fulfilled and first of all, modernization, industrialization and urbanization. This is why China needs strong and long-lasting peace," he said.Berger said China's policy of peaceful development has already won support from the majority of countries, so they are willing to cooperate with the world's most powerful developing nation."China's peaceful development gives chance to all people in the world, as China became the main engine of the global economic development. Many developed countries are gravitated to China because they depend on Chinese supplies and the Chinese market," Berger said.However, although some countries are aware that China's sustainable growth requires peace and stability, some eye China's growing influence as negative, the professor said.Berger said that Beijing tries to persuade Washington that China's rise does not threaten American security. The question, then, is to what degree is the U.S. ready to accept the new reality, Berger said.Berger cited two main reasons why some Western politicians don't trust Beijing."First, this is a natural response from the people who got used to a certain world order," he said, "Such an order implies the existence of the so-called 'golden billion' people who have access to all of civilization's benefits while the other five billion can't make ends meet."Berger said that when China attempts to achieve the same living standards, that induces some fears based on the notion that the Earth resources are limited.Berger believed the second reason is xenophobia and racism, which generates talk about the "Chinese threat.""But they talked about the 'China threat' even in times when China used to be an underdeveloped nation," Berger noted.

STOCKHOLM, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's railway network, already the world's longest, is developing at record high speed and is to be doubled soon, Swedish daily Svenska Dagbladet reported on Wednesday."China's goal is to connect all important cities with railway lines," the report said.Collaborating with German Siemens, Japanese Kawasaki and Bombardier both in Canada and Sweden, China has built its own high-speed train CRH380A that can reach 486 kilometers per hour, cutting the journey between Beijing and Shanghai in half to about 4 hours.Construction of the high-speed railway network will also cover inland China, the report said. It aims to encourage more investment to move from coastal areas to inland China and ultimately raise the living standards in those regions.Within the next five years, a total of 3.5 trillion yuan (over 500 billion U.S. dollars) will be invested in high-speed track construction and train manufacturing, averaging at about 700 billion yuan (over 100 billion dollars) each year.Swedish companies such as Atlas Copco, SKF and Trelleborg have participated in China's railway and high-speed train development, according to the report.Hans Rosling, a development expert and also professor at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, was quoted as saying that the construction of the high-speed railway network will bring about "good economy, good education, good medical care, better and longer life, all good things."

LOS ANGELES, April 10 (Xinhua) -- Drinking green tea and practicing Taichi may promote bone health of postmenopausal women and reduce the risk of inflammation, a new study suggests.The study, conducted by researchers at the Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, focused on postmenopausal women and investigated the potential for green tea to work synergistically with Taichi in enhancing bone strength of postmenopausal women.Originating as a martial art in China, Taichi is a mind-body exercise that utilizes slow, gentle movements to build strength and flexibility, as well as deep breathing and relaxation, to move qi, or vital energy, throughout the body.The study findings were published Sunday at EurekAlert.org, the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).Carried out as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, intervention trial (the "holy grail" of scientific studies), this experiment involved 171 postmenopausal women with the average age of 57 who had weak bones but not full-fledged osteoporosis. Subjects were divided into 4 groups -- placebo: starch pill (placebo) and no Taichi; GTP or green tea polyphenols (500 mg/day) and no Taichi; Placebo plus Taichi (starch pill and practising Taichi three times a week); and GTP plus Taichi.The study lasted for 6 months, during which blood and urine samples were collected and muscle strength assessed.The results show that consumption of GTP (at a level equivalent to about four-six cups of steeped green tea daily) and participation in Taichi independently enhanced markers of bone health by three and six months, respectively. A similar effect was found for muscle strength at the 6-month time point. Participants taking Taichi classes also reported significant beneficial effects in quality of life in terms of improving their emotional and mental health.Perhaps most remarkable, however, was the substantial effect that both GTP and Taichi had on biological markers of oxidative stress. Because oxidative stress is a main precursor to inflammation, this finding suggests that green tea and Taichi may help reduce the underlying etiology of not only osteoporosis, but other inflammatory diseases as well.In the study, the researchers developed an animal model (the ovariectomized, middle-aged female rat), with which they could effectively study the effects of green tea consumption on protection against breakdown of the bone's microarchitecture, according to the AAAS.In humans, this can lead to osteoporosis, a condition common to older women. The researchers say what they have learned from the animal models might also be applicable to postmenopausal women.There is a "favorable effect of modest green tea consumption on bone remodeling in this pre-osteoporotic population," said lead researcher Dr. Chwan-Li (Leslie) Shen, an associate professor at the institute.The researchers plan to soon complete a more long-term study utilizing more technically savvy measures of bone density, according to the AAAS.

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