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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Two more people have died from the flu in San Diego County, bringing this season’s total to 11, according to County News Center. According to health officials, a 74-year-old man who was vaccinated died from complications from influenza B on December 31. A 64-year-old man also died from complications due to influenza A on January 3. The 64-year-old man hadn’t received his vaccination, according to the county. Overall, flu activity was down last week compared to previous weeks. Last year at this time, 91 people had died from the flu. Flu cases last week fell to 257 from 369 the previous week. Overall, just over 2,000 cases of the flu have been reported so far this season, which fell dramatically from more than 10,300 by this time last year. “It’s not too late in the season to get your flu shot,” said Wilma Wooten, M.D., M.P.H., County public health officer. “Flu activity can last until April or May and the flu vaccine is the best way to protect yourself and others around you from influenza.”The CDC recommends that everyone 6-months-old and older get a flu shot every year. Below are some tips to help prevent the flu of you've already been vaccinated: Wash hands thoroughly and oftenUse hand sanitizersStay away from sick peopleAvoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouthClean commonly touched surfacesIf you are sick, stay home and avoid contact with others 1399

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Two San Diego beaches have made TripAdvisor’s list of top 25 beaches in 2018. Pacific Beach came in at number 20 on the list followed by La Jolla Shores Park at 22.62 percent of people who rated Pacific Beach on the site rated it as excellent while 64 percent of people rated La Jolla Shores as excellent.RELATED: AAA's top rated restaurants, hotels in San Diego CountyThe beach at the top of this year’s list is Clearwater Beach in Florida. Check out TripAdvisor's list of top ten beaches in the U.S.: 550

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - When President Trump visited San Diego in September, he made a special trip down to the border to tout the wall and its technological advances. The president has made border security a major part of his term, even calling for the addition of 5,000 border patrol agents.A new study from San Diego State University says the increased emphasis on stopping illegal crossings and drug smuggling could make those very agents the targets of corruption and bribe offers. "When one door is closed, they try to find another one which is open," said David Janscisc, the public affairs professor at SDSU who authored the study. Janscisc says the harder it gets for smugglers to get people or drugs into the U.S., the more likely they are to seek help from agents at ports of entry. "You can clear a car full of drugs just by not inspecting it," he said. Janscisc isn't saying Customs and Border Protection is corrupt, but wanted to study how corruption occurs. He based his study off of 160 cases of CBP corruption over 10 years, noting the agency has 60,000 employees. Janscisc found the employees with less than five years of experience were more likely to be involved in drug-related corruption. However, those who were there longer were more likely to commit immigration-related offenses, such as falsifying paperwork to help get someone into the country. In a statement, Customs and Border Protection said applicants go through a strict hiring process that could include polygraph tests. "After the hiring process, CBP applies proactive measures in the form of training, rules geared to ensure workplace integrity and oversight and management of frontline officers and agents by CBP leadership at every level," the statement said. Janscisc said it took two years to complete his study, relying largely on court documents and investigative news reports. 1873

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — While Saturday will start off cold, temperatures will improve through next week throughout San Diego County after a week of chilly temps and weather.A Frost Advisory will be in effect through 9 a.m. Saturday for the Inland Empire and San Diego County's valleys, as temperatures dip to the 30s an 40s, according to the National Weather Service. At higher elevations, temps could hit the teens.While temperatures are expected to warm up, conditions through the weekend will keep road conditions through some mountain roads dangerous. Snow and ice that had built up through the week will still be present, with a slight chance of flurries for the mountains Saturday.WEATHER: Up-to-date conditions throughout San Diego CountyWith the cold weather Saturday, black ice in some areas could be present. Chain restrictions or road closures may still be required.But warmer weather is on the horizon. Temperatures are expected the return to normal for this time of the year by the middle of next week, according to NWS. 1036