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As novel coronavirus cases soar across the country, states are struggling to keep up with the demand for testing. Some states are reporting big backlogs and difficulty getting tests.“We need to actually continue doing a bunch of work in America to figure out additional approaches to do testing,” said Dr. Bob Kocher.Dr. Kocher is the former co-chair of California's Testing Task Force. The state formed the team back in March to figure out how to get everyone tested. Back then, they were struggling to do 2,000 tests a day. Now, they're doing more than 100,000 a day.“California, and most states, had giant shortages of the world’s most expensive Q-tips, called swabs, that you need to collect the samples and the people who make them couldn’t make more of them,” Dr. Kocher explained. “We worked with companies to 3-D print them and to source those from other places in the world and buy them and bring them to California.”They worked to find labs that could do high-capacity testing and expanded the number of testing sites. But as cases increased across the state and nation, five months into the pandemic, testing turnaround time is an issue.“It’s something I’m concerned about as demand for testing grows everywhere in the country and on the earth, the labs are going to sporadically have backlogs, and over time, they could have backlogs because it’s hard to make more supply of the test,” Dr. Kocher said.Dr. Kocher says it depends on where the test is sent. Some labs have backlogs and it’s a logistics issue. If the lab your test site is using is in another part of the country, it'll likely take longer to get results.In a statement, Quest Diagnostics said, "We are grappling with surging demand that is outpacing capacity. This is due to surging cases of COVID-19 across much of the United States, particularly the West, Southwest and South. We have a prioritization program to help direct testing to patients most in need. Our turnaround time for priority one patients is 1 day on average."In a recent press conference, California's Health and Human Services Agency Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said supply chain challenges forced the state to prioritize who gets tested first.“Surges across the nation have created challenges of getting tests processed, not just collected, and ensuring our guidelines not only say who needs to be tested but give guidance to labs on which specimens to process first,” Dr. Kocher said.Right now, priority means those who are hospitalized, healthcare workers, first responders, social service employees, those who are 65 and older and those with chronic medical conditions. But, we simply need more tests.“The challenge with COVID-19 is that each person infects two, three more people and that leads to exponential growth of people who are infected and exponential growth in demand for testing,” Dr. Kocher said. “The companies who manufacture tests have been extraordinary scaling up their capacity to manufacture tests they can grow them by 10, 30 maybe a 100 percent, but the demand for COVID testing is growing 1,000 percent.”The American Clinical Laboratory Association which represents Quest and other labs released a statement saying many labs are getting more test orders than they're able to process in a single day.In a statement, the company said, "We can’t do it alone. Laboratories, diagnostic manufacturers, ordering providers, public health officials, states and importantly, the federal government – including Congress and the Administration – all have a role to play in addressing the challenges hampering our nation’s response to this public health crisis."The test, Dr. Kocher says, only tells you if you're infectious at the time you were tested. It's yet another hurdle for states to tackle."So, we need to figure out what is the mechanism to test people at the right frequency to make us all safe and fell confident in going to work, school, nursing home or being an essential worker,” he said. “It’s really important.”Figuring out what that looks like means looking at new technologies, getting the government involved and working on our manufacturing sector so we have more tests and fewer logistical problems as we consistently try to keep up with the virus that seems to be one step ahead of us all. 4276

As novel coronavirus cases soar across the country, states are struggling to keep up with the demand for testing. Some states are reporting big backlogs and difficulty getting tests.“We need to actually continue doing a bunch of work in America to figure out additional approaches to do testing,” said Dr. Bob Kocher.Dr. Kocher is the former co-chair of California's Testing Task Force. The state formed the team back in March to figure out how to get everyone tested. Back then, they were struggling to do 2,000 tests a day. Now, they're doing more than 100,000 a day.“California, and most states, had giant shortages of the world’s most expensive Q-tips, called swabs, that you need to collect the samples and the people who make them couldn’t make more of them,” Dr. Kocher explained. “We worked with companies to 3-D print them and to source those from other places in the world and buy them and bring them to California.”They worked to find labs that could do high-capacity testing and expanded the number of testing sites. But as cases increased across the state and nation, five months into the pandemic, testing turnaround time is an issue.“It’s something I’m concerned about as demand for testing grows everywhere in the country and on the earth, the labs are going to sporadically have backlogs, and over time, they could have backlogs because it’s hard to make more supply of the test,” Dr. Kocher said.Dr. Kocher says it depends on where the test is sent. Some labs have backlogs and it’s a logistics issue. If the lab your test site is using is in another part of the country, it'll likely take longer to get results.In a statement, Quest Diagnostics said, "We are grappling with surging demand that is outpacing capacity. This is due to surging cases of COVID-19 across much of the United States, particularly the West, Southwest and South. We have a prioritization program to help direct testing to patients most in need. Our turnaround time for priority one patients is 1 day on average."In a recent press conference, California's Health and Human Services Agency Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said supply chain challenges forced the state to prioritize who gets tested first.“Surges across the nation have created challenges of getting tests processed, not just collected, and ensuring our guidelines not only say who needs to be tested but give guidance to labs on which specimens to process first,” Dr. Kocher said.Right now, priority means those who are hospitalized, healthcare workers, first responders, social service employees, those who are 65 and older and those with chronic medical conditions. But, we simply need more tests.“The challenge with COVID-19 is that each person infects two, three more people and that leads to exponential growth of people who are infected and exponential growth in demand for testing,” Dr. Kocher said. “The companies who manufacture tests have been extraordinary scaling up their capacity to manufacture tests they can grow them by 10, 30 maybe a 100 percent, but the demand for COVID testing is growing 1,000 percent.”The American Clinical Laboratory Association which represents Quest and other labs released a statement saying many labs are getting more test orders than they're able to process in a single day.In a statement, the company said, "We can’t do it alone. Laboratories, diagnostic manufacturers, ordering providers, public health officials, states and importantly, the federal government – including Congress and the Administration – all have a role to play in addressing the challenges hampering our nation’s response to this public health crisis."The test, Dr. Kocher says, only tells you if you're infectious at the time you were tested. It's yet another hurdle for states to tackle."So, we need to figure out what is the mechanism to test people at the right frequency to make us all safe and fell confident in going to work, school, nursing home or being an essential worker,” he said. “It’s really important.”Figuring out what that looks like means looking at new technologies, getting the government involved and working on our manufacturing sector so we have more tests and fewer logistical problems as we consistently try to keep up with the virus that seems to be one step ahead of us all. 4276

Australia is ordering automakers to recall more than two million vehicles fitted with potentially deadly airbags.The Australian government said Wednesday that the cars contain airbags made by Takata, the Japanese company at the heart of a scandal that has led to tens of millions of vehicle recalls around the world in recent years.Takata airbags have been linked to at least 23 deaths globally, including one in Australia, according to a statement by the Australian Treasury. A defect can cause the airbags to explode and blast shrapnel into drivers and passengers.Voluntary recalls in Australia have previously been announced by big car brands including BMW, Chevrolet, Honda, Nissan, and Toyota. But the government said those steps haven't been enough to deal with the danger, leaving around 2.3 million vehicles with the defective airbags still on the country's roads."The voluntary recall process has not been effective in some cases, and some manufacturers have not taken satisfactory action to address the serious safety risk which arises after the airbags are more than six years old," said Michael Sukkar, an assistant Australian Treasury minister.The new compulsory recall includes models made by major carmakers such as Ford, Mercedes Benz, Tesla and Volkswagen.The total number of affected cars in Australia is 4 million, or nearly one in five passenger vehicles on the country's roads. All the faulty Takata airbags have to be replaced by the end of 2020, according to the government.Wednesday's announcement followed an investigation by Australia's consumer watchdog, the Treasury said.Takata's faulty airbags have led to massive recalls around the world over the past decade. In the United States, more than 40 million vehicles were affected, and authorities say the recalls could take until 2023 to complete.The scandal led to the slow and painful demise of Takata, which started out as a textile manufacturer more than 80 years ago and later came to specialize in seat belts and other auto safety equipment.The company has pleaded guilty to corporate criminal charges and agreed to pay a billion fine in the U.S. It filed for bankruptcy last year and much of its operations are being taken over by Key Safety Systems, a Chinese-owned company based in Michigan. 2323

As the USPS is collecting letters from children across the United States, someone will need to respond to all of those children. Starting Friday, the USPS will begin Operation Santa, which will allow adults to respond to letters written by children. According to the USPS, potential adopters can read the letters and pick one, or more, that they’d like to fulfill. USPS says for security reasons, potential adopters must be vetted by going through a short registration and ID verification process before they are allowed to adopt any letter.The USPS says that the program is intended to help millions of less fortunate children. The program is for every person of every belief, or non-belief, USPS says.This is the first time Operation Santa has gone nationwide because of the pandemic.USPS says children who want to be a possible recipient of holiday gifts can write a letter, put it in a stamped envelope with a return address, and send it to Santa’s official workshop address. Letters will be accepted Nov. 16 – Dec. 15.The address is:Santa Claus123 Elf RoadNorth Pole, 88888Those who want to respond to a child’s letter can do so by going to the Operation Santa website here. 1187

As states across the country grapple with an increase in coronavirus cases and a huge demand for tests, many businesses are looking for other ways to get more mileage out of their supply chain.Like with anything else, supply and demand is a constant struggle. In this unprecedented era, the demand for things like coronavirus tests is so large that public health departments don't have a choice but to figure out ways to make our supplies last. Several states are examining pooled testing. California's Public Health Department says it's to "better leverage testing resources."Pooling is something that blood banks have used for decades to keep their blood supply safe. Dr. Claudia Cohn is the Chief Medical Officer of the AABB, formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks.“If you have 100 people that need to be tested and if you test each of them, you’ll do 100 tests. If you find that your test is sensitive enough that you can pool together 20 samples at the same time, instead of having 100 tests, you can have five pools of 20,” Dr. Cohn said.Now, if one of those five pools is positive, then Dr. Cohn says, "You’ll need to break it out and test each of those separately. So, let’s say you have one positive person in a pool of 100 people, you either do 100 tests and find one positive or you do five pools of 20, four of those pools will be negative, so you’ve done 4 pools and covered 80 people."The test works by taking a tiny sample from each person who was tested.“When you take a swab from everyone’s nose, you isolate the DNA from that swab,” Dr. Cohn said about the PCR test, which is generally a nose swab. “It’s not a lot, it’s a small amount but it’s enough. Because these tests are very, very sensitive.”Those tests are so sensitive, and they have to be, that pooling can really only work if the test can handle, as in detect, multiple samples at once. The FDA mandates that.“The FDA is quite demanding as they should be in terms of making sure tests work well and are safe,” Dr. Cohn said.And Dr. Cohn says, pooling wouldn't work in an area where there's a large outbreak, which means a large number of people would test positive regardless of pooling. In the blood world, this strategy has been perfected.“You are taking 100 samples and taking a drop from each sample and putting it together,” Dr. Cohn said. “You are testing every single person who comes through. In the blood world safety is before everything."Blood banks test for HIV, Hepatitis C and B and well as COVID-19 antibodies, according to the American Red Cross. And, as this pandemic moves through our communities, Dr. Cohn says our blood supply needs to remain strong.“After that initial spike, it went down again and that was okay because elective surgery had been canceled, so the demand for blood had gone down as well so for a while we were at a good balance of demand and supply. But then elective surgeries opened up and hospitals went back to full service and we’re in a shortage again,” Dr. Cohn said. 3017

来源：资阳报