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BEIJING, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) will launch a 1.5-year campaign from this month to learn and implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau said here on Friday.     The campaign aims to push Party members, especially leading Party members and government officials, to learn how to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and carry it out effectively, a statement issued after a CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting said.     The meeting was presided over by and CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao, also Chinese president.     As Hu explained in his keynote speech at the 17th CPC National Congress in October 2007, the guideline takes development as its essence. It puts people first as its core with comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement. Overall consideration is its fundamental approach.     "The Scientific Outlook on Development is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics," said the statement.     Through the campaign, the CPC expects its officials to change their way of administration that don't meet the requirements of scientific development and to find solutions for the problems that hold back its implementation and the issues people complain about most, the statement said.     In the campaign, the CPC also aims to develop the administrative system that can boost scientific development and to improve the Party's ruling capability, it added.     The CPC Central Committee Political Bureau asked all Party members to take part in the campaign, especially senior Party members and government heads at county level and above

SHANGHAI, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- The world's widest tunnel with an inner diameter of 13.7 meters completed its excavation here under the Yangtze River on Friday.     The 8.9-km tunnel is part of a 12.6 billion yuan (1.84 billion U.S. dollars) bridge and tunnel project to link Shanghai with Chongming Island, the country's third largest after Taiwan and Hainan.     The tunnel will accommodate a six-lane expressway and a rail line. When operational in 2010, travel to Chongming from urban Shanghai will take 20 minutes, according to Yu Xuanping, vice general manager of the Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd, builder of the tunnel.     The company used a tunnel boring machine with a diameter of 15.43 meters, the largest of its kind, to excavate under the Yangtze.     The tunnel and bridge project would make the transport networkson the southern and northern sides of the river more closely connected, said Wu Liangyong, a Chinese Academy of Sciences academician.     The tunnel connects Shanghai's vast Pudong District with Changxing Island in the Yangtze, while the bridge connects Changxing and Chongming.     Currently, Chongming is connected with Jiangsu Province to its north.     Located at the Yangtze River mouth, Chongming covers an area of1,200 sq. km, equal to about 20 percent of Shanghai's total land area.     China's central government plans to turn the island into a model of an eco-friendly town in the country. Shanghai municipal government is also paying great attention, with infrastructure projects being built within the island.     Experts said the inconvenient traffic between Shanghai and Chongming once blocked the development of the island. The construction of the bridge and tunnel would help attract overseas investment and make the suburb a major channel of the Yangtze River Delta area.

BEIJING, Oct. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank on Wednesday announced cuts in both the interest rate and reserve-requirement ratio in the latest effort to boost the domestic economy amid worries over the deepening global financial crisis.     The deposit and lending rates would be lowered by 0.27 percentage points from Thursday and the reserve-requirement ratio would be down by 0.5 percentage points from Oct. 15, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said.     "This was mainly out of concerns over an economic slowdown," said Ba Shusong, deputy chief of the Finance Research Institute under the Development Research Center of the State Council.     "The rate cut was expected as the world was faced with a cycle of interest rate cuts," he told Xinhua.     OUT OF SLOWDOWN CONCERNS     The loosening in monetary policy, the second such move in less than a month, highlighted the government's rising concern over the slowing economy and slumping capital market.     The PBOC cut the benchmark one-year lending rate by 0.27 percentage points on Sept. 16, the first rate cut in six years. It also lowered the reserve requirement at medium- and small-sized lenders by 1 percentage point as of Sept. 25.     Tang Min, China Development Research Foundation deputy secretary, echoed Ba's viewpoint.     Tang said the government made the move mainly out of concerns over domestic problems. "The deepening U.S.-originated credit crisis has impacted the psychology of Chinese and also the real economy," he told Xinhua.     Investors, gripped by lingering fears of global economic downturn, dumped equities to drive the stock market down 66 percent from its peak last October.     China's gross domestic product (GDP) expanded 10.1 percent in the second quarter of the year, marking a deceleration for four consecutive quarters.     Its exports, a major driver behind the economy, reported slowing growth this year as the credit crisis reduced overseas demand for its goods. This has led to the closures of tens of thousands of local exporters and also job losses.     Local businesses bore the brunt of higher borrowing costs and were even finding it difficult to get credit after last year's tightening measures aimed at curbing inflation and averting economic overheating.     The easing in inflation has given room for the authorities to loosen monetary policy. The consumer price index rose 4.9 percent in August, off from the 12-year-high of 8.7 percent in February.     "Inflation is no longer a threat with the declining commodities prices," Tang said.     The monetary policy has been starting to loosen and the trend would not change in the short term, said Zhuang Jian, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) economist. "The whole world doesn't have strong confidence in the economic outlook."     TAX CUT TO BOOST DEMAND     In another move to boost domestic demand, the State Council, China's Cabinet, said it would scrap the 5 percent individual income tax on savings interest earnings starting on Thursday.     China began levying a 20 percent individual income tax on interest earnings in 1999 to narrow the income gap and encourage consumption and investment. The tax rate was slashed to 5 percent on Aug. 15, 2007.     The income tax cut was a must as it would help alleviate the erosion on personal income by high prices, especially given the cut in the deposit rate, Li Yang, head of the Finance Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.     The tax cut, together with lower borrowing costs, would boost domestic demand, an increasingly more important driver of economy in the global credit crisis, Zuo Xiaolei, China Galaxy Securities chief economist, said.     GLOBAL COORDINATED RESPONSE     The move was also a timely response to the rate cuts by other major central banks and part of a coordinated effort to stem the global crisis, Tang said.     Six other major central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, slashed interest rates on the same day to cope with the current financial crisis.     The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered its target for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage points to 1.5 percent. The Bank of England cut its rate by half a point to 4.5 percent and the European Central Bank cut by the same margin to 3.75 percent.     Central banks of Canada, Sweden and Switzerland took similar actions. The Bank of Japan said it strongly supported these policy actions.     Australia's central bank on Tuesday slashed the interest rate by 1 percentage point, the largest cut since 1992.

BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government will stick to an economic policy that focuses on curbing inflation for the rest of the year, a senior official on Wednesday told China's top legislature, as slowing output and rising prices loom over the post-Games economy.     Economic planners would exert themselves to increase supplies of necessities, closely track key prices and make price controls more effective, National Development and Reform Commission deputy chief Zhu Zhixin told the fourth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress.     "A lot of factors can drive prices up," said Zhu. "There is a strong demand for primary products, with prices hovering high on international markets, while more expensive land and labor at home will add to costs."     His statements came after China's main inflation indicator showed a deceleration in July and as the world wondered where the already slowing economy would head after the glitz of the Games.     The consumer price index was up 6.3 percent last month over July last year, lower than the 7.1 percent in June and 7.7 percent in May, as tighter monetary policies adopted last year seemed to bite.     Meanwhile, the country's economic output in the first half was 10.4 percent higher, compared with 10.6 percent in the first quarter and 12.2 percent in the first half last year.     Zhu said the output slowdown was "a moderate correction from a high level".     "The national economy is heading in the direction expected by the macro-control policy."     Zhu cited the pressures on some industries and enterprises as one of the major conflicts in the economy, saying it would take time for the latest supportive policies to show an effect and for companies to adjust.     He told the top legislature the government would continue to seek a balance between fighting inflation and maintaining growth.     Tasks for the rest of the year included improving the contribution of domestic consumption to economic growth, boosting agricultural output and increasing aid to small enterprises, he said.     The government had been focusing on preventing the economy from overheating before changing the goal to "keeping steady, rapid growth" in July.     Many analysts foresaw a loosening of the tight monetary policy to provide liquidity for enterprises, especially exporters, that were squeezed by weakening demand, credit controls and rising costs.     Earlier this month, administrators raised the export tax rebate rates for some textiles and garments, while the central bank allowed more credit to small and medium-sized enterprises.     "The fiscal and monetary policies are likely to be eased, if the current trend is a guide," said CITIC Securities analyst Zhu Jianfang. "The central bank is not expected to come up with any big tightening moves after the Olympics."

BEIJING, May 25 (Xinhua) -- All the barrier lakes (or quake lakes) formed after the massive May 12 earthquake in southwest China's Sichuan Province are "under control" but the situation is still grim, said Vice Minister of Water Resources E Jingping on Sunday.    Heavy rains forecast for the area over the next three days are a major threat, as the additional water build-up in the lakes could cause the landslide barriers that formed them to burst, flooding nearby areas, E told a news conference. Liu Ning, chief engineer of China's Water Resources Ministry, briefs the media on the emergency control of the Tangjiashan imprisoned lake in Beichuan County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, after a news conference in Beijing, capital of China, May 25, 2008.The 8.0-magnitude earthquake, aftershocks and landslides created 35 such lakes, with 34 in Sichuan, posing a new danger to more than 700,000 of the people who survived the deadly quake, thevice minister said.     E admitted that these lakes posed a challenge for the government's efforts to prevent secondary disasters in the quake regions.     The biggest concern is the Tangjiashan lake, the largest of the34 quake lakes in Sichuan, whose water level rose by nearly 2 meters Saturday to 723 meters, only 29 meters below the lowest part of the barrier.     About 1,600 armed police officers and People's Liberation Army soldiers were hiking on Sunday toward the Tangjiashan lake, hoping to blast away its landslide barrier before it bursts and causes a flood.     Earlier attempts to send military helicopters on the same mission were hampered by adverse weather and low visibility at the lake.     The ministry has drawn up evacuation plans for communities downstream of the 19 quake lakes at high risk of bursting, E said. He did not provide an estimate of the people who might have to move.     The massive earthquake also left 69 reservoirs in danger of collapse in Sichuan. Another 310 reservoirs were in "highly dangerous" situations and more than 1,400 posed a moderate risk, according to E.     Steps have been taken to tackle the problem, E said, such as completely draining the 69 collapse-prone reservoirs, lowering water levels at 826 others and putting all the damaged reservoirs under 24-hour observation.     The ministry wants to fix the reservoirs in the "highly dangerous" and more risky categories before July, when the rainy season is expected to start in the quake regions, he said.     Priority has been given to the Zipingpu dam, which is only 17 kilometers from the quake epicenter of Wenchuan County and would threaten 11 million lives on the downstream Chengdu Plain if it collapsed, E said. However, he said, the dam was structurally stable and safe despite some minor damage.     Meanwhile, 803 hydropower stations were damaged in the quake nationwide, including 481 in Sichuan.