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Hundreds of thousands of dollars in coronavirus relief payments have been sent to people behind bars across the United States, and the IRS wants the money back. The federal tax agency is asking state officials to help claw back the cash it says was mistakenly sent. The legislation that authorized the payments during the pandemic doesn’t specifically exclude jail or prison inmates. An IRS spokesman says the agency is relying on the unrelated Social Security Act, which bans incarcerated people from receiving some types of benefit payments. Some groups say inmates need the money, especially if they've been recently released. 637

How accurate are the coronavirus tests used in the U.S.?Months into the outbreak, no one really knows how well many of the screening tests work, and experts at top medical centers say it is time to do the studies to find out.When the new virus began spreading, the Food and Drug Administration used its emergency powers to OK scores of quickly devised tests, based mainly on a small number of lab studies showing they could successfully detect the virus.That’s very different from the large patient studies that can take weeks or months, which experts say are needed to provide a true sense of testing accuracy.The FDA’s speedy response came after it was initially criticized for delaying the launch of new tests during a crisis and after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stumbled in getting its own test out to states.But with the U.S. outbreak nearly certain to stretch on for months or even years, some experts want the FDA to demand better evidence of the tests’ accuracy so doctors know how many infections might be missed.There have been more than 2 million confirmed coronavirus cases in the U.S. and more than 115,000 deaths, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. Cases in nearly half of U.S. states are rising.In recent weeks, preliminary findings have flagged potential problems with some COVID-19 tests, including one used daily at the White House. Faulty tests could leave many thousands of Americans with the incorrect assumption that they are virus-free, contributing to new flare-ups of the disease as communities reopen.“In the beginning, the FDA was under a lot of pressure to get these tests onto the marketplace,” said Dr. Steven Woloshin of Dartmouth College, who wrote about the issue in the New England Journal of Medicine last week. “But now that there are plenty of tests out there, it’s time for them to raise the bar.”The FDA said in a statement that it has already asked multiple test makers to do follow-up accuracy studies, although it didn’t say for how many of the more than 110 authorized screening tests. The agency also said it is tracking reports of problems. Accuracy has also been an issue with blood tests that look for signs of past infections.No screening test is 100% accurate. So details on accuracy are routinely provided for tests of all types, including seasonal flu, hepatitis, HIV and cancers. For example, rapid flu tests are known to miss 20% or more of all cases, a factor doctors weigh when treating patients who have symptoms but test negative.For now, most COVID-19 tests in the U.S. don’t give data on real-world performance, including how often the tests falsely clear patients of infection or falsely detect the virus. That information is lacking for all but a few of the roughly 80 commercial screening tests available, according to an Associated Press review.The government’s emergency authorization process “requires a lower level of evidence,” the agency said. Makers need only show that a test “may be effective” instead of the usual requirement to demonstrate “safety and effectiveness.” They would have to meet that higher threshold once the U.S. government declares the emergency over.Many of the commercial test makers submitted results from 60 samples, the minimum number required and mostly used lab-produced specimens of the virus. The FDA now recommends the use of nasal swabs or other real samples from people screened for coronavirus.Experts say larger patient studies patients are needed to assess a test’s true performance.Lab testing bears little resemblance to actual — sometimes imperfect — conditions at hospitals, clinics and testing sites noted Dr. Robert Kaplan of Stanford University.“You’re testing people in parking lots, the patients themselves are extremely anxious and often unable to follow instructions,” said Kaplan, a former associate director of the National Institutes of Health.Kaplan and others say those differences could explain why some tests are not performing as expected.Last month, the FDA warned doctors of a potential accuracy problem with Abbott Laboratories’ rapid ID Now test, which delivers results in roughly 15 minutes. The test has been lauded by President Donald Trump and used to screen the president, his staff and visitors to the White House.The FDA alert followed a preliminary report by New York University that found Abbott’s test missed between a third to one-half of infections caught by a rival test in patients screened for the virus.Abbott rejected the findings, saying the researchers did not follow the instructions for using its test. The company pointed to alternate patient studies, including its own, that have found the test successfully detects between 91% and 95% or more of virus cases when compared to other tests.But similar problems with ID NOW’s accuracy have been flagged in preliminary reports by researchers at Stanford University, Loyola University and the Cleveland Clinic.For now, the FDA is requiring Abbott to conduct follow-up studies in several different patient groups.The FDA’s emergency standards “are still high but there is a significant difference in the body of work that what would go into a submission under the normal process,” said Abbott vice president John Hackett. “Our normal process takes years to bring these out.”Requiring bigger studies of all coronavirus tests could provide valuable information, but it could also strain the FDA’s already stretched staff and resources, said Dr. Daniel Schultz, former director of the FDA’s medical device center.Dr. Colin West of the Mayo Clinic worries doctors and patients have put too much confidence in the current crop of tests, when an unknown number of patients with COVID-19 are likely receiving false negative results.Even a modest error rate can have grave consequences during an outbreak like COVID-19. West gives the example of a test that is 95% accurate at detecting the virus and is used on 1 million people. That would still result in 50,000 people being incorrectly told that they don’t have the virus.“The negative test does not mean that I’m off the hook,” West said. “We just need to maintain that level of vigilance until we have a better sense of how good these tests really can be.”___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter.___Follow AP pandemic coverage at http://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6604

If you fell in love with country music’s stars and hits of the early 90s, you’re in luck. This Sunday’s ACM Awards will pay tribute to three of the biggest hit songs from 1993 with collaborations between the original artist’s and their contemporary counterparts.Arguably the most anticipated performance of the entire show will pair two Oklahoma natives together. Toby Keith will perform his debut single “Should Have Been a Cowboy” with People’s current Sexiest Man Alive, Blake Shelton.The two performers share more than a common birthplace. They’re also linked in country music history.Blake Shelton’s debut single was nearly “I Wanna Talk About Me”. After recording it, his record label decided to pass on the song, and instead, Toby Keith scooped it up and turned it into a number one hit record.The ACMs will also feature a performance of the CMA Song of the Year, “Chattahoochee”. Alan Jackson will be joined by Jon Pardi, who’s nominated for Album of the Year.Back in 2015, the duo toured together with Pardi acting as Jackson’s opener. Pardi counts Jackson as one of his heroes, and credits a complimentary Jackson quote as motivating him to write his album “California Sunrise”.Jackson was quoted saying, “Of all the new guys I’ve heard, I like that Jon is closer to country than most of the others and I thought his songwriting was better than what I’ve heard in a while.”Finally, the ACM host herself, Reba McEntire, will perform “Does He Love You”, which was originally released as a duet with Linda Davis. In Davis’s place, will be Kelly Clarkson.McEntire and Clarkson share more than a love of performing, they’re also related. Clarkson is married to Reba’s step-son, Brandon Blackstock, and is the mother to two of Reba’s grandchildren.The 53rd Academy of Country Music Awards airs Sunday on CBS at 7 p.m. CT. 1833

Important update regarding early 2021 U.S. sailings. pic.twitter.com/Dra9jpXgCj— Carnival Cruise Line (@CarnivalCruise) November 18, 2020 145

If flying is one of your fears, you're not alone. One class has been helping people overcome the fear for decades, by debunking some of the concerns keeping you on the ground."The plane just dropped suddenly," one woman remembers."We actually went up in an airplane and found out afterwards we had gone up in a hurricane," another woman recalls."What really scares me is somebody blowing something up on purpose," one traveler says."I actually thought I was going to die, says another traveler."It's led to some odd routines. "I have to like touch all four sides of the door on the way in and you know with the seats," says one passenger. "And count to 100 during take off."It has almost led do some missed opportunities."I thought ok I'll just never fly again I'm old I don't care," one woman says. "But my daughter is going to college and I want to go with her."That's why these people have decided to not only share but face their fears in this Fear of Flying Clinic. Students learn it's not the fear that's the problem but the way they think about it. And once that changes so does the fear."It's not easy to do because you do have a whole set up of automatic beliefs that are causing you trouble," says one of the class instructors.That's why debunking students' biggest fears is so important."I have some very disappointing news for you all about turbulence," says commercial pilot Captain Mark Connell. "We don't care. It doesn't make much difference to us."As scary as it might feel, Captain Connell compares a plane hitting turbulence to a car hitting a pothole. He covers everything from turbulence and weather, to pilot training and preparedness."There's something helpful about that to think to yourself well he flies planes all the time and he's not scared so I probably shouldn't be scared either," says Mimi Kravetz.Kravetz has been scared of flying since she was 10."When there's turbulence on an airplane, my heart starts beating quicker. I feel really panicky. I can't focus. I can't sleep and I wanted to get out of that feeling," Kravetz says.Now she's ready to face her fear. "It'll be interesting on Monday to try and go in to see if I can replace my current set of thoughts with a set of new ones," Kravetz says.And get into the air with as much ease as the plane she's riding in.      2351

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