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BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

CAIRO, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- China and Africa look forward to deepening cooperation in various fields, especially science and technology, industry, agriculture and environment, said Egyptian and Chinese officials at a science and technology expo, which opened here on Thursday.     In the opening ceremony of China Exhibition on Innovative Technologies and Products in Egypt, Minister of Higher Education and the State for Scientific Research of Egypt, Dr. Hani Hillal, said that his country reaffirms the support for scientific and technological cooperation between China and Africa.     "China exhibition is an important forum to know more about the progress China has reached in scientific and technological fields, and it is also an important forum for the convergence of scientists and researchers with the men from industry and innovation," Hillal added.  An electric vehicle is on display during an exhibition showcasing Chinese innovative technologies and products in Cairo, capital of Egypt, on Dec. 3, 2009. More than 180 new technologies and products with Chinese proprietary innovations highlighted the three-day exhibition, kicking off here on Thursday    "Egyptian-Chinese relations are steadily growing and several weeks ago Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao opened the 4th ministerial conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)," said Magid George, Egypt's Minister of State for the Environment.     George said that the expo is an important event to present Chinese technology to African and Arab countries because China is considered a leading nation in development, expressing hope that the exhibition will provide an opportunity for the countries to get acquainted with progress in technology and innovation amid great challenges.     This exhibition is held in line with the eight measures announced by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during the 4th ministerial conference of FOCAC held last month in Sharm el-Sheikh to promote technological cooperation between China and Africa, said Special Representative of the Chinese Minister of Science and Technology Zheng Guoan, noting that it could transfer technological expertise and experience to African countries.     "This exhibition is part of a technological partnership program aimed at strengthening China-Africa relationship and helping African countries raise the technological capability," he added.     The Chinese Ambassador in Cairo, Wu Chunhua, pointed out that China is the largest developing country in the world and Africa has the most developing countries in the world, stressing that such cooperation would benefit both sides.     "This exhibition is a good platform and mechanism to achieve mutual understanding between China and Africa," he added. Visitors view Chinese subway train models during an exhibition showcasing Chinese innovative technologies and products in Cairo, capital of Egypt, on Dec. 3, 2009.The China Exhibition on Innovative Technologies and Products in Cairo, held from December 3 to 5, is cosponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Egypt and organized by China Science and Technology Exchange Center and the Torch High Technology Industry Development Center.     The event aims at promoting science and technology and trade flow between China and Egypt as well as other African countries, and boosting the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and African people.     Representatives from nearly 150 research institutes, universities, producers and science and technology agencies from 19 Chinese provinces attended the exhibition.

BEIJING, Nov. 11 (Xinhua) -- In cold weather, 45 Japanese war orphans revisiting China to thank their Chinese foster families received a warm welcome in Beijing.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao met them, mostly in their seventies, in the Zhongnanhai compound Wednesday. Premier Wen invited the orphans to Zhongnanhai for talks and also accompanied them on a visit to the former residence and office of the late Premier Zhou Enlai inside the compound, who were much concerned about the war orphanage issue. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) meets with the members of the Japanese war orphans' delegation, who revisit China to thank their Chinese foster families, in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 11, 2009.    The Japanese orphans were those who had been left behind by their parents after the eight-year Japanese Aggression War against China. More than 2,800 Japanese orphans were adopted by the Chinese people and most of them went back to Japan in the 1980s and 1990s after normalization of bilateral ties. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R3, front) and members of the Japanese war orphans' delegation visit Xihuating, the former residence and office of the late Premier Zhou Enlai, in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 11, 2009The thanksgiving gathering is organized to express the war orphans' gratitude to their foster families, but the visit is, to some extent, an emotional one as many of their foster parents have died.     "We care about the living conditions of the orphans after they returned back to Japan, and I believe that everybody will live a happy and stable life though their own efforts and by support from the Japanese government and all walks of life," said Wen in talks with the delegation.     Wen said that it was a handful of militarists who were responsible for that war of aggression, and the Japanese people were also victims of the war. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R6, second row) poses with members of the Japanese war orphans' delegation in front of Xihuating, the former residence and office of the late Premier Zhou Enlai, in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 11, 2009."The Chinese people, despite their own sufferings caused by the war, saved the lives of the orphans and brought them up instead of pouring their hatred on the Japanese people," said Wen.     Wen said the war orphans will feel again the love given by their foster parents and the deep friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people during their visit in China. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R3, front) and members of the Japanese war orphans' delegation visit Xihuating, the former residence and office of the late Premier Zhou Enlai, in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 11, 2009The war orphans have been active in promoting Japan-China friendship since they returned back to Japan. They raised funds to build a primary school named China-Japan Friendship Hope School in the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake last year, said Wen.     CALL FOR FRIENDSHIP     History tells us that "peace between China and Japan leads to mutual benefits, and rivalry is damaging to both", said Wen.     China-Japan friendship confirms to the fundamental interests of the two peoples and to develop friendly cooperation is of great significance to Asia, the world as well as the two countries, Wen said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) receives an autograph book from the Japanese war orphans' delegation, who revisit China to thank their Chinese foster families, in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 11, 2009Wen said the two nations should take history as a mirror and look forward to the future in their relations. They should, in the spirit of the four political documents between China and Japan, coexist peacefully, engage in mutually beneficial cooperation, seek common development and lasting friendship, making due contributions to Asian and World peace, stability and prosperity.     Members of the delegation said although they now live in Japan, they still miss their family members and hometowns in China. They are very excited about this trip and would like to continue to work for lasting friendship between the two peoples

BEIJING, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- Premier Wen Jiabao said during an inspection tour to East China over the weekend that the country would rely on science and technology advancements to meet its carbon emissions reduction targets.     When visiting the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wen encouraged researchers to develop key technologies for electric vehicles and vehicles with high energy efficiency and low emissions.     He said China would adjust its "consumption policies" to push for the development of automobiles with low emissions and high energy efficiency, and "vigorously support" the development of electric cars. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L, front) shakes hands with a scientist as he visits Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Shanghai, east China, Nov. 28, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Shanghai and Jiangsu from Nov. 28 to 29. On Thursday, the State Council announced to cut China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent from the level of 2005.     While visiting Shanghai and the neighboring Jiangsu Province, Wen called for a more balanced and energy-efficient economic development model.     He said China must speed up shifting its economic growth to a new pattern that depends not just on investment and export but also on domestic demand. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R front) receives a school badge for commemoration as he visits Nanjing University of Technology, in Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, Nov. 29, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Shanghai and Jiangsu from Nov. 28 to 29.Economic growth should also rely on a balanced development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, rather than on manufacturing alone, Wen said.     Scientific and technological advancements, improvement in workers' qualities and innovations in management models should take over consumption of resources as the driving force for growth, he said.     Wen also visited the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China based in Shanghai and the construction sites of 2010 Shanghai Expo. In Jiangsu, he visited retail, hi-tech companies and talked with university students

BEIJING, Jan. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's foreign trade in 2009 dropped 13.9 percent from a year earlier to 2.21 trillion U.S. dollars and its trade surplus last year slid 34.2 percent year on year to 196.1 billion U.S. dollars, according to figures released Sunday by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).     In breakdown, China's exports in 2009 stood at 1.2 trillion U.S. dollars, down 16 percent from in 2008, and imports reached 1.01 trillion U.S. dollars, down 11.2 percent from a year earlier, said the GAC.     In December 2009, monthly trade amounted to 243 billion U.S. dollars, which represented a year-on-year increase of 32.7 percent and a month-to-month rise of 16.7 percent.     Last month, China's exports were worth 130.7 billion U.S. dollars, up 17.7 percent from a year earlier. December's imports hit record monthly high to reach 112.3 billion U.S. dollars, up 55.9 percent from the same period of 2008, according to the GAC.