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BERLIN, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in Germany have found a cheap and easy way to synthesize anti-malaria drug in large quantities from waste materials, said the Max Planck Society on Tuesday.Currently there are nearly one million people die worldwide each year due to lack of effective drugs, as sweet wormwood, from which artemisinin, the effective essence to fight malaria can be extracted, only grows in China, Vietnam and a few other countries.However, researchers in Germany have now developed a simple process for the synthesis of artemisinin in laboratory, using artemisinic acid, a substance contained in the by-product, or waste materials of the isolation of artemisinin from sweet wormwoods, as row materials of synthesizing artemisinin."The production of the drug is therefore no longer dependent on obtaining the active ingredient from plants," said Peter Seeberger, director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam and professor at Free University of Berlin.The artemisinic acid in the waste material boasts a volume 10 times greater than the active ingredient itself, said Seeberger, and they could be turned into artemisinin in four and a half minutes in a so-called continuous-flow reactor.Seeberger estimated that 800 of the reactors would be enough to cover the global requirement for artemisinin, and the whole innovative synthesis process could be ready for technical use in three to six months.Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655,000 deaths, mostly among African children.

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

TEHRAN, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- Iranian inventors ranked first in the Seoul International Invention Fair (SIIF) in South Korea, the official IRNA news agency reported on Thursday.The three-member Iranian team from Tabriz city of Iran's northwestern East Azerbaijan province was ranked first by winning one gold and one silver medals in the fields of development and environment, said the report.South Korea, the United States and Chinese Taipei were selected as other three top teams after Iran.The Seoul International Invention Fair was held in the COEX Korea Exhibition Center from December 1 to 4, at which Some 700 participants from 32 countries and regions took part.

BEIJING, Oct. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archeologists have found evidence indicating that the mysterious ancient city of Loulan (Kroraina) once had highly-developed agricultural systems.Scientists from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted remote sensing procedures, field investigations and sample testing in the area and found that there were once large tracts of farmlands in Loulan.The farmland featured regular and straight circumferences stretching for 200 to 1,000 meters as well as irrigation ditches running throughout, said Qin Xiaoguang, a member of the research team.Moreover, researchers found grain particles in the area's ground surface, which are very likely to be remains of crop plants, Qin said.These findings show that irrigation farming had been practiced in Loulan for at least 100 years, Qin said.Qin said they also found canal remains measuring 10 to 20 meters wide and 1.6 meters deep in the Loulan relics, indicating that the city, which is suspected of perishing in drought, was once rich in water resources.The ancient city was a pivotal stop along the famous Silk Road, but mysteriously disappeared around the third century AD.Previous historical records suggested that Loulan's economy was sustained by widespread agricultural activity, but no remains or other evidence had been found before the most recent discoveries.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Young women may reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular disease simply by eating more fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, researchers reported Monday in Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association.In the first population-based study in Danish women of childbearing age, those who rarely or never ate fish had 50 percent more cardiovascular problems over eight years than those who ate fish regularly. Compared to women who ate fish high in omega-3 weekly, the risk was 90 percent higher for those who rarely or never ate fish.About 49,000 women, 15-49 years old, median age of just under 30 years in early pregnancy -- were interviewed by telephone or answered food frequency questionnaires about how much, what types and how often they ate fish, as well as lifestyle and family history questions.Researchers recorded 577 cardiovascular events during the eight- year period, including five cardiovascular deaths in women without any prior diagnosis of the disease. In all, 328 events were due to hypertensive disease, 146 from cerebrovascular disease, and 103 from ischemic heart disease. Inpatient and outpatient admission for cardiovascular disease was much more common among women who reported eating little or no fish. In three different assessments over a 30-week period, women who never ate fish had a three-fold higher disease risk compared to women who ate fish every week."To our knowledge this is the first study of this size to focus exclusively on women of childbearing age," said Marin Strom, lead researcher and post doctoral fellow at the Center for Fetal Programming, at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark. " We saw a strong association with cardiovascular disease in the women who were still in their late 30's."Fish oil contains long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are believed to protect against heart and vascular disease. Few women in the study took fish oil supplements, so these were excluded from the analyses and the results were based on the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, not intake from supplements.The most common fish consumed by women in the study were cod, salmon, herring, and mackerel."Our study shows that for younger women, eating fish is very important for overall health, and even though we found cardio- protective effects at relatively modest dietary levels, higher levels may yield additional benefits," Strom said.

来源：资阳报