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TUCSON, Ariz. — Arizona geography teacher Scott Warren is on trial for being accused of giving two migrants temporary shelter in the Sonoran Desert. But Warren’s arrest hasn’t stopped humanitarian organizations from continuing to help those who need it.One of those organizations is Humane Borders.“The whole idea of Humane Borders is to save lives,” said Steve Saltonstall, a 75-year-old volunteer and retired trial lawyer in Tucson. He drives into the Sonoran Desert often to fill water tanks that Humane Borders has scattered across Southern Arizona for those who need it.“The desert is an extremely harsh environment,” said Joe Curran with the Tucson Sector of the U.S. Border Patrol. “You’re just surrounded by absolute, desolate nothing. There’s no water out here, there’s minimal cellphone reception.”On this specific Friday, Saltonstall and other volunteers met at 6 a.m. to check a route of water tanks west of Tucson.“We go to each water station and fill it if need be, if the station is vandalized, we’ll replace the barrel,” he said. Salntonstall explained that sometimes people will put arsenic or gasoline in the barrels, so the water has to be tested often. He's also seen bullet holes in barrels.The organization has these in place mainly for people traveling north from the U.S.-Mexico border.Over the years, Humane Borders and the Pima County Medical Examiner’s Office have put together a death map which shows where more than 3,000 people crossing the border have died since 2000.“We consult those maps and try to put water stations where people have been found dead,” Saltonstall said. “It’s not easy walking, especially at night when people walk a lot to try and avoid the Border Patrol.”The Border Patrol has implemented their own initiatives to help those in distress — solar-powered safety beacons. These beacons have a button on them that notifies Border Patrol that someone needs help.“It could just be an average citizen in distress but a majority of what we see are illegal immigrants,” Curran said. “We have 34 of (the safety beacons) across Tucson sector.”The Tucson sector spans more than 250 miles in the Arizona desert.“We’re gonna make sure everyone has water, food and everybody is medically evaluated," Curran said.In 2018, the agency rescued more than 140 people at beacon locations.According to Curran, if you come across someone in the desert, the best thing to do is offer them water if they need it, and contact the proper authorities.But what happens next for those who are found in the desert depends on their citizenship status.“These are acts of desperation,” said Maurice Goldman, a Tucson immigration attorney.Humanitarians and other people who help those migrants, like Saltonstall and Humane Borders, also face a certain risk.“Most of these individuals that are out there doing this good work are aware that there is that risk,” Goldman said. “The government could bring charges against an individual for assisting or harboring an immigrant or migrant.”The number of people the government is actually prosecuting for that is also on the rise.As of November 2019, there have been more than 5,700 prosecuted cases, a 27% increase over 2018, according to the 3217

The USPS is honoring military dogs with its newest set of forever stamps.The four new stamp designs each features a different dog breed that represents the most common military dogs — a German shepherd, a labrador retriever, a Belgian malinois and a Dutch shepherd.According to a press release from the USPS, dozen of dog breeds have been used by all branches of the military. Dogs have served and aided soldiers in all American wars dating back to World War I.The dogs were hand-sketched by artists at DKNG studios before being colorized in Adobe Illustrator. The design of the stamps is credited to USPS Art Director Greg Breeding.The stamps went on sale Thursday. A 20-stamp book costs and can be used forever. 729

The past year has been a wild ride of weather. There has been major tragedy, and it has been costly.Take a look back at what the U.S. has endured just in 2018:Hurricane Michael Hurricane Michael was the second major hurricane of the 2018 season, and it was a history-making storm. Michael made landfall at Mexico Beach, Florida on Oct. 10 at a Category 4 hurricane. Winds were sustained at 155 miles per hour. It was the strongest storm to make landfall in the U.S. since Andrew in 1992. Hurricane Michael was also the third-most intense Atlantic hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. on record. This was behind the 1935 Labor Day hurricane and Hurricane Camille (1969). The storm devastated Mexico Beach and nearby Panama City Beac,h leaving both nearly unrecognizable. Roads were hard to decipher as sand was carried on shore with the storm surge and pieces of buildings were strewn all over the place in the destructive wind. Homes were flattened and some swept away. Thirty-five people were killed in Florida, but 60 deaths were eventually attributed to Michael when looking at previous damage in Central America and from the storms path as it continued inland in the U.S.. The exact final cost of Hurricane Michael is still being determined, but it will likely be one of 12 billion-dollar weather-related disasters in the United States this year.Hurricane Florence Hurricane Florence was another powerful, Category 4 hurricane in the 2018 season, but this one was unique in where it made landfall and how slowly it moved onto the coastline. This slow movement amplified the impact of flooding. Florence formed as a Cape Verde low and traveled across the Atlantic in the month of September, setting its sights on North Carolina. As it approached the coast, the storm, still at Category 4 status, slowed to a crawl and started inundating the Carolina’s with heavy rain. The storm only moved west at 2 to 3 mph and eventually made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane as it weakened. But the Category 1 status of this hurricane landfall doesn’t match with the true impact of this store. This is because of the sheer volume of water dumped by this storm. Portions of coastal North Carolina recorded more than 20 inches of rain over a 5-day period — some more than 30 inches total. That led to historic crests along rivers and cut off many towns from relief efforts because roads were impassable. The rain from Florence took weeks to make it through all the streams and rivers, so flooding not only occurred during the storm but lingered for a long time, making recovery efforts that much more difficult. Florence was another weather event of 2018 that will be a billion-dollar or more disaster. It actually ranks as one of the Top-10 costliest storms in U.S. history.California wildfiresIt was a devastating year for wildfires in California. According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, nearly 8,000 fires were recorded this year burning more than 1.8 million acres of land. Increasing temperatures across the state and prolonged drought created favorable conditions. According to NOAA, July was the hottest month of record in California temperature history. The wildfire season really picked up momentum in late-July and August as the Carr Fire made national headlines, destroying 1,600 structures and resulting in more than a billion dollars worth of damages. That fire in northern California wasn’t contained until late August. According to the State of California, three firefighters died while responding to the blaze. Then attention shifted to fires like the Woolsey Fire and the Camp Fire. The Camp Fire is now listed as one of the deadliest in U.S. history after fast moving flames consumed Butte County, California in early November. 86 deaths are connected to the fire and the city of Paradise was practically destroyed by the flames. The rapid speed of the fire, fanned by 50 mph, prevented so many people from evacuating to safety. The Woolsey Fire was another one that garnered national attention as it burned through Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Hundreds of homes in Malibu were destroyed and more than 200,000 people were evacuated. It is estimated at more 1,500 structures were destroyed by this southern California fire. According to the State of California, three people did in this fire as well.Red tideThis naturally, annually occurring phenomenon gained national attention when it hit epidemic status and the weather was a large factor to its growth in the summer of 2018. Red tide is a toxic algal bloom that kills sea life like fish, dolphins and manatees along the Florida coast. It technically happens yearly, but this year, a few weather factors have been blamed for it’s large growth and duration. Record-breaking rain fell over central Florida early in the summer season, bringing a rise to water levels in Lake Okeechobee. That is where algae also grew. Fertilizers from nearby farms also infiltrated the water body. That water had to be released to the ocean so widespread flooding wouldn’t occur in central Florida. But as that water, algae and fertilizer, entered the ocean, it interacted with the red tide and caused it to grow exponentially. Basically, the algae fed the red tide and made it worse. That combined with warmer ocean temperatures sustained the toxic bloom for months on end. Red tide first closed beaches along the southwest side of Florida’s coastline just south of Tampa, but as red tide slowly moved and grew, it eventually closed beaches farther to the north beyond Tampa and into the panhandle. According to Meteorologist Jason Adams of WFTS in Tampa, Florida, red tide is still present in the month of December along a few beaches but it is projected to subside in the winter months.Rainfall records set in 2018Rainfall amounts made headlines over and over again during 2018, especially in the eastern U.S. Some of those rainfall records were associated with our two major hurricanes. But others were associated with very heavy rain producing events. According to Climate Central, 133 climate sites saw record precipitation totals this year, and 685 saw yearly totals that were among the Top 10 on record. 2018 is already the fifth-wettest year on record in the contiguous U.S. Specifically on the Island of Kauai in Hawaii, a rain gauge in Waipa recorded 49.69 inches of rain from April 14 to April 15. The highest rainfall record in a 24-hour period belonged to Alvin, Texas, where 43 inches of rain was recorded on July 25 to July 26, 1979.Tornado outbreak, April 13-15April is a common time of year for severe weather, especially in Tornado Alley, but 51 tornado reports in one day is significant. On average, 155 tornadoes normally happen over the MONTH of April.An explosive atmosphere setup was in place over Arkansas, Texas and Louisiana on April 13. Late in the evening, a cold front produced discrete thunderstorms and those storms quickly turned severe. EF0, EF1 and EF2 tornadoes ripped across the region as multiple waves of severe weather swept through into the early morning hours of April 14th. Additional rounds of severe weather followed on the 14th and 15th as the storm system moved east. Over the three-day period, 81 tornadoes were reported from Texas to Virginia according to NOAA. "Several of the tornadoes caused widespread damage, including an EF-2 that resulted in 12 injuries near Lynchburg, Virginia and an EF-1 that caused seven injuries near Reidsville, North Carolina," says NOAA. Ohio River flooding The Ohio Valley was inundated with heavy rain in the month of February. In Cincinnati, Ohio alone, 7.8 inches of rain fell in the month, most of which was concentrated in the last few days of the month. This was nearly 5 inches above normal. Previous wet soils and regional heavy rain meant that the water had to go somewhere, and that destination was the Ohio River. River levels rose to the highest levels since 1997. Cincinnati's Ohio River gauge crested at 60.53 feet, 52 feet is flood stage. But it wasn't just this city that saw substantial flooding along the river. Downriver in Louisville, Kentucky, the Ohio River crested 13 feet above flood stage — also the highest since 1997. Due to the slow nature to river flooding, it took several days for water levels to rise and fall, damaging homes and other structures along this drainage basin.Colorado hailstorm: June 18-19Hail isn't uncommon in Colorado, especially in June, but the hail that came down in June was significant. Three-inch diameter hail came down during a line of severe storms passed through on June 18, producing significant damage in the northern sections of the Denver metro. Cars were left with shattered windows and huge dents, homes were damaged and even golf courses suffered damage from the hail stones that fell at 40 to 80 mph from the sky. According to KMGH television station in Denver, the storm damaged cars and homes in the Boulder area, before moving northeast toward Fort Morgan, where 70 mph winds and baseball-sized hail wreaked havoc in Morgan County. To add insult to injury, the same area saw more severe weather the very next day including more hail and even a funnel cloud. Major southeast snowstorm A crippling snowstorm hit the southeast Dec. 8-10. While heavy snow in this portion of the county isn't out of the question, the amount of snow so early in December brought the region to a halt. This system actually started dumping heavy snowfall in northern Texas first. Lubbock recorded 10 inches of snow on Dec. 8. As the system approached the Appalachian Mountains and the effects of cold air damming, snowfall starting falling at much higher rates over Virginia and North Carolina. Snowfall amounts we staggering in some places, especially at the higher elevations. Mount Mitchell in North Carolina, which is the highest elevation in the eastern US, received 34 inches of fresh snowfall. It was 2 inches shy of the all time record. Cities such as Roanoke, Virginia received just more than 15 inches of snowfall, the third highest in recorded history during December. Raleigh, North Carolina picked up 11 inches of snowfall. But it wasn't just snow — others picked up significant ice with this system including portions of Arkansas, Tennessee and Missouri. The impact of this storm lingered even beyond the initial snowfall as snow melted and refroze overnight as black ice, causing extended travel woes.—This story was written by WCPO meteorologist Jennifer Ketchmark for The E.W. Scripps Company and its affiliates. Follow her on Twitter 10573

The remains of an ancient ape found in a Bavarian clay pit suggest that humans’ ancestors began standing upright millions of years earlier than previously thought, scientists said Wednesday.An international team of researchers says the fossilized partial skeleton of a male ape that lived almost 12 million years ago in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany bears a striking resemblance to modern human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species — named Danuvius guggenmosi — could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.The findings “raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans,” said Madelaine Boehme of the University of Tuebingen, Germany, who led the research.The question of when apes evolved bipedal motion has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright gait — found in Crete and Kenya — dated only as far back as 6 million years ago.Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Germany, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15,000 bones recovered from a trove of archaeological remains known as the Hammerschmiede, or Hammer Smithy, about 70 kilometers (44 miles) west of the Germany city of Munich.Among the remains they were able to piece together were primate fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter (3 feet, 4 inches) tall, weighed 31 kilograms (68 pounds) and looked similar to modern-day bonobos, a species of chimpanzee.“It was astonishing for us to realize how similar certain bones are to humans, as opposed to great apes,” Boehme said.Thanks to several well-preserved vertebra, limb, finger and toe bones, the scientists were able to reconstruct how Danuvius moved, concluding that while it would have been able to hang from branches by his arms, it could also straighten its legs to walk upright.“This changes our view of early human evolution, which is that it all happened in Africa,” Boehme told The Associated Press in an interview.Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped spine to hold its body upright while standing. Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful, opposable big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot and safely walk through the treetops.Fred Spoor, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London, called the fossil finds “fantastic” but said they would likely be the subject of much debate, not least because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.“I can see that there will be a lot of agonizing and re-analysis of what these fossils mean,” said Spoor, who wasn’t involved in the study. 2833

The Texas House of Representatives voted 146-0 Tuesday to create the Sexual Assault Survivors' Task Force inside the governor’s office, bringing money and support at the highest levels of state government to reform how rapes are tracked, investigated and prosecuted across Texas.The measure provides up to million to fund the task force, which will collect, analyze and make publicly available a new set of information showing where gaps remain in the system to prevent and prosecute sexual assaults.The lead sponsor of the bipartisan measure said 563