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WASHINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Advanced hepatitis C patients with chronic liver disease may benefit from drinking coffee during treatment, according to a new study published Tuesday in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Institute.The study shows that patients who received peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment and who drank three or more cups of coffee per day were two times more likely to respond to treatment than non- drinkers.Among non-drinkers, 46 percent had an early virologic response; 26 percent had no detectable serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid at week 20; 22 percent had no detectable serum at week 48; and 11 percent had a sustained virologic response. In contrast, the corresponding proportions for those who drank three or more cups of coffee per day were 73 percent, 52 percent, 49 percent and 26 percent, respectively."Coffee intake has been associated with a lower level of liver enzymes, reduced progression of chronic liver disease and reduced incidence of liver cancer," said Neal Freedman, of the National Cancer Institute and lead author of this study. "Although we observed an independent association between coffee intake and virologic response to treatment, this association needs replication in other studies."Approximately 70 to 80 percent of individuals exposed to HCV become chronically infected. Worldwide, these individuals are estimated to number between 130 and 170 million. Higher coffee consumption has been associated with slower progression of pre- existing liver disease and lower risk of liver cancer. However, the relationship with response to anti-HCV treatment had not been previously evaluated.

LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Older people with low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers may be more likely to have lower brain volumes and have problems with their thinking skills, according to researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.The results of the study will be published Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Foods that come from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.The study involved 121 older residents of the south side of Chicago over the age of 65. They had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.An average of four-and-a-half years later, MRI scans of the participants' brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.Having high levels of four of five markers for vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume."Our findings definitely deserve further examination," said Christine Tangney, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center and lead author of the study. "It's too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes."On the cognitive tests, the scores ranged from -2.18 to 1.42, with an average of 0.23. For each increase of one micromole per liter of homocysteine -- one of the markers of B12 deficiency -- the cognitive scores decreased by 0.03 standardized units or points.Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. "Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment," said Tangney.

LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- A latest study has found no evidence that screening for ovarian cancer may reduce the risk of dying from the disease, it was reported on Sunday.Screening, however, does increase the likelihood of unnecessary invasive procedures, according to researchers at the University of Utah.The researchers presented their findings at an on-going meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, The Los Angeles Times said.Researchers studied 78,216 women, ages 55 to 74, who participated in the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Half of the women received the usual care from their OB-gyns, and half received a CA 125 screening every year for six years and an ultrasound every year for four years. They were then followed for a maximum of 12 years.The researchers observed 212 ovarian cancers in the screened group and 176 in the normal care group. There were 118 ovarian cancer deaths in the screened group and 100 in the normal care group. The differences were not statistically significant. Overall, there were 2,924 deaths from all causes in the screened group and 2,914 in the normal care group.But the researchers also observed that 3,285 women had false- positive diagnoses from the screening. Among those, 1,080 underwent surgery that included an oophorectomy (surgical removal of one or both ovaries). Fifteen percent of those who had surgery developed major complications as a result. Overall, 1,771 women in the screened group (7.7 percent) had an oophorectomy, compared with 1,304 in the normal care group (5.8 percent)."We conclude that annual screening for ovarian cancer ... does not reduce disease-specific mortality in women at average risk for ovarian cancer but does increase invasive medical procedures and associated harms," the researchers said in the study.New data presented at the meeting also showed that the widely used cancer drug Avastin can improve treatment of ovarian cancer, The Times said.About 21,880 American women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year and about 13,850 die from it, according to the American Cancer Society. Because it produces few symptoms, the disease is typically not diagnosed until it has become advanced and spread throughout the body. As a result, five-year survival is only about 30 percent, and the disease is one of the five most deadly cancers among women. Being able to detect the cancer at an earlier stage when it might be more curable could thus, theoretically, improve the survival rate.The tests most commonly used to detect ovarian cancer include a transvaginal ultrasound to look for tumor masses and a blood test that screens for increased levels of a tumor marker called CA 125.

SYDNEY, June 29 (Xinhua) -- A type of dried seaweed sold in Asian food supermarkets in Australia has been recalled after it was found to have high levels of iodine dangerous to pregnant women, local media reported on Wednesday.Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) has ordered the recall of Wang Dried Kelp Varech Speche, a Korean brand of the dried seaweed, according to Australian Associated Press (AAP).It has been available in Asian grocery stores and restaurants in the Brisbane and Gold Coast areas of Queensland."The product contains high levels of naturally occurring iodine," FSANZ said in a statement."Regular consumption of these products may cause health problems in some people including pregnant and breastfeeding women."FSANZ said consumers concerned about their health should seek medical advice and should return the products to the place of purchase for a full cash refund.