肾结石形成的原因有哪些重庆(石桥铺引起肾结石) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

BEIJING, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- Senior Communist Party of China (CPC) official Zhou Yongkang has called for efforts to promote a police campaign aimed at better addressing public complaints.Zhou, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the remarks in a written instruction on the campaign launched by the Ministry of Public Security on Friday.During the six-month campaign, police will be sent to more households to settle disputes and complaints or help solve public problems. The public will also be invited to supervise the work of the police, according to the ministry.Zhou said he believed the campaign would cement ties between the police and the masses and called on police to build a positive image for themselves during the initiative.The desirable "positive image" would only be possible by promptly addressing those most-attended security issues, said Meng Jianzhu, minister of public security, at Friday's launching ceremony.Meng urged his fellow police officers to make solid progress in enhancing the public's sense of security through this campaign.Police services on household registration, exit & entry, traffic and fire fighting were specifically mentioned by Meng, which were instructed to be strengthened or improved.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhuanet) -- Virginia M. Rometty, 54, will succeed present IBM CEO Sam Palmisano to be the next chief executive at the start of 2012, the company announced Tuesday.This is unprecedented in the New York-based company's 100-year history, because Rometty, a senior vice president of IBM, will be its first female CEO.Since joining the company three decades ago, Ms. Rometty has contributed a lot to the giant I.T. Company.After graduating from Northwestern University with an undergraduate degree in computer science, she entered the company in 1981 as a systems engineer. In virtue of outstanding performance, she was quickly promoted to management.For the following 20 years, she worked with clients in banking, insurance, and telecommunications, to name a few.In 2002, Rometty caught Palmisano's attention when she helped integrate the 3.5 billion dollar acquisition of the big business consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting, IBM's largest deal ever at the time.Then she became senior vice president of the group and group executive for sales, marketing and strategy in 2009. Under her leading, the business in overseas emerging markets including China, India, Brazil and several African nations, has increased sharply.New York Times reported that such markets now accounted for 23 percent of IBM.’s revenue, up from 20 percent when she took over.“Ginni got it because she deserved it,” Mr. Palmisano told the New York Times. "Ginni" is an informal first name used by her friends and colleagues.The selection of Rometty for chief executive will make her the 17th female CEO in the Fortune 500 on the following January. Other prominent women who play the same role as Rometty include Indra Nooyi of PepsiCo, Ellen J. Kullman of DuPont, Meg Whitman of Hewlett-Packard, and so on.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have provided scientists evidence of what appears to be a body of liquid water, equal in volume to the North American Great Lakes, beneath the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The data suggest there is significant exchange between Europa's icy shell and the ocean beneath. This information could bolster arguments that Europa's global subsurface ocean represents a potential habitat for life elsewhere in our solar system. The findings will be published Thursday in the scientific journal Nature.Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon, is believed to have a large ocean of salty water deep beneath its frozen crust. Galileo spacecraft, launched by the space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, studied Jupiter, which is the most massive planet in the solar system, and some of its many moons.Pictures of it sent back by Galileo point to a tortured surface of cracks and jumbled ice. Seeking to understand how such weird topography evolved in a place with such dim sunlight, scientists believe that the answer lies in similar processes on Earth.Their model suggests that Europa's ice shell is about 10 kilometers thick and within it are giant pockets of water, lying at depths as shallow as three kilometers. Warm water from these sub-surface lakes wells up in plumes, causing the ice to become brittle, crack and then collapse. The ice turnover would be a plus for the prospects for life, as it would transfer energy and nutrients between the sub-glacial lake and the surface."One opinion in the scientific community has been if the ice shell is thick, that's bad for biology. That might mean the surface isn't communicating with the underlying ocean," said Britney Schmidt, lead author of the paper and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin. " Now, we see evidence that it's a thick ice shell that can mix vigorously and new evidence for giant shallow lakes. That could make Europa and its ocean more habitable.""The data opens up some compelling possibilities," said Mary Voytek, director of NASA's Astrobiology Program. "However, scientists worldwide will want to take a close look at this analysis and review the data before we can fully appreciate the implication of these results."

SUVA, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- There are 60 typhoid cases in Nanoko, with 29 already hospitalized, according to Fiji's Health Ministry.Senior Health Inspector Paula Laqere said Sunday that the increas means that people are not practicing proper hygiene standards. Laqere said most of the communities in Fiji have a really low level of good hygiene practices.The other problem is that some communities in Fiji have very poor sources of clean and safe water and this is what Fijian guests need to be cautious of."Typhoid is basically spread through contaminated water and our hygiene practices. It's an indicator that the sanitation level of any community is really low."A 30 day public health emergency is in place for the village, effective from Dec. 12 to Jan. 12.Recently, Fiji recorded rates of high typhoid fever in the world, said WHO South Pacific Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Team leader doctor Jacob Kool.Kool said typhoid fever was difficult to diagnose and could be fatal in 10-20 percent of untreated patients.Recent studies showed that infants are commonly affected and are extremely vulnerable to the disease. Outbreaks occur regularly in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation including urban slums, he said.Kool said the only reliable symptom was prolonged fever and blood and stool culture are still the best available diagnostic tests but have a high rate of false negative results. He said therefore suspected typhoid cases should be treated regardless of the result of lab tests and ciprofloxacin was the recommended therapy for all age groups.Last year AusAID, WHO and UNICEF launched a typhoid fever vaccination campaign in Fiji.

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