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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - County supervisors Wednesday unanimously approved the .1 million purchase of a nearly seven-acre parcel for a park in the community of Fallbrook.The 6.8-acre property, owned by Barr Ranch LLC, is located south of Fallbrook Road between Morro and Golden roads.Supervisor Jim Desmond, whose district includes Fallbrook, said the town doesn't have enough parks. He added the county will hold meetings with residents to see what kind of amenities residents would like included. He said some early requests include playgrounds and a skate park.Fallbrook currently has three local parks, providing 1 acre per 1,000 residents. That number doesn't meet the General Plan goal of 10 acres of local parkland for that same number of people.Money for the park purchase will come from a community development block grant, according to county documents. Annual maintenance and staffing expenses are estimated at between ,000 to 5,000. 953

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A man was sentenced to nearly a decade in state prison Wednesday for his role in the fatal shooting of a Navy sailor who pulled over on a San Diego freeway ramp to help a seemingly stranded motorist.Harvey Liberato, 26, pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and other charges stemming from the Oct. 27, 2018 slaying of 21-year-old Curtis Adams on the connector ramp between southbound state Route 15 and northbound Interstate 5.Adams was driving on the freeway with his girlfriend at around 2 a.m. when he stopped to assist a disabled vehicle on the side of the freeway, which was actually a car that had sustained flat tires in a shootout from a bungled vehicle burglary earlier that night.RELATED: Man found guilty of murder in slaying of Navy sailor on freewayThe disabled car was occupied by Liberato, Susana Galvan, 40; Brandon Acuna, 23; and Brandon's brother, Edson Acuna, 26.Believing Adams was the person they had engaged in a shootout with earlier in the night, Edson Acuna exited the car and shot Adams in the chest.Edson was convicted by a jury earlier this year of first-degree murder, robbery, burglary, various firearm counts and a special-circumstance allegation of committing the murder in the commission of a burglary. He's slated to be sentenced next month to life in prison without the possibility of parole.Brandon Acuna pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and awaits sentencing next month, while Galvan pleaded guilty to being an accessory after the fact and was sentenced last year to three years in county jail.RELATED COVERAGE:Closing arguments in trial for man accused of killing Navy sailor on freewayGunman kills good Samaritan in I-15 shooting near Mountain ViewLiberato was sentenced Wednesday to nine years and eight months in state prison.Prosecutors say the defendants took part in burglarizing a vehicle parked outside a Mount Hope home earlier that night and got into a shootout with one of the home's residents, resulting in at least one of the tires on Acuna's car being shot out.Forced to pull over due to the flat tire, Acuna and the others saw Adams stop on the side of the freeway.As he stopped to assist, Adams told his girlfriend, "I'm going to be a Good Samaritan today," Deputy District Attorney Melissa Vasel said at Edson Acuna's trial.RELATED COVERAGE:Suspect in shooting of Navy sailor on freeway has criminal historyMurder suspect's brother arrested in Mexico, charged with Good Samaritan's deathAcuna shot Adams as the Navy man stepped out of his vehicle, a killing the prosecutor described as "nothing less than an execution."Acuna's vehicle was found on the freeway about a half-mile from the shooting scene, with Brandon Acuna and Galvan arrested nearby.Liberato was arrested about a week later, while Edson Acuna was arrested that December in Mexico.Adams, a Brooklyn native, enlisted in the Navy in 2016. At the time of his death, he was working as a steelworker with Amphibious Construction Battalion 1 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado. 3028

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Authorities warned the public Friday to beware of crooks who have telephoned Poway-area residents in recent weeks and tried to swindle them out of money by falsely claiming that the victims were in arrears due to outstanding arrest warrants or other obligations to local government coffers."These scammers and impersonators sometimes provide the victims with genuine Sheriff's Department phone numbers, and in the past they have actually used the names of real department employees," sheriff's Lt. Christopher Collier said. "They may sometimes even want to arrange a meeting in the parking lot of a government building or station in an effort to appear legitimate."No employees of the regional law enforcement agency -- or of any other county body -- contact members of the public by telephone to discuss such matters, Collier noted."Nor would any employees ever try to arrange a meeting to allow (a) payment to be made," the lieutenant said. "If you receive a call from a person or persons claiming to be a Sheriff's Department employee, and that person is trying to solicit a payment of some sort, please hang up the phone immediately."Victims of such illicit solicitations are also advised to report the offenses to the Federal Trade Commission at www.ftc.gov, or to local law enforcement if the contact results in an actual loss of money or personal information. 1392

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A man accused of ambushing a janitorial worker at a Little Italy coffee shop and trying to sexually assault her pleaded not guilty Wednesday to a half-dozen felony charges, including kidnapping with the intent to commit a sex offense.Christopher Merron, 28, was ordered held on million bail. He faces life in prison if convicted, said Deputy District Attorney Nicole Roth.Merron allegedly attacked the woman as she was cleaning the coffee shop in the 1700 block of India Street about 4:30 a.m. last Sunday, pushing her into a back room, taking her car keys and threatening her with a knife.Following a struggle, the victim, whose name was withheld, was able to break free and run out of the building, said San Diego police Lt. Jason Weeden.RELATED: Man tries to sexually assault woman before stealing her carThe assailant then fled in the woman's tan 1998 GMC Jimmy SUV.Merron was arrested in Mission Valley the next day and the victim's stolen SUV was recovered, Weeden said."This was a brazen and serious sex crime," Roth said outside court. "This was a traumatic event."RELATED: Arrest made in Little Italy attempted sex assault, vehicle theftBesides kidnapping with the intent to commit a sex offense, Merron is charged with assault with the intent to commit a sex offense, attempted oral copulation, false imprisonment with force, robbery and auto theft.Merron will be back in court Oct. 26 for a readiness conference and Oct. 30 for a preliminary hearing.While living in Virginia, Merron pled guilty to accessory to robbery, resisting arrest and several drug charges. 1602

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