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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

Casper has mastered how to sell mattresses in a box online. Now the company will test its strength at the store.CEO Philip Krim said Casper will open 200 stores across the country in the next three years. The Wall Street Journal first reported the company's plans."It will give us a footprint to help educate consumers," he said in an interview.The announcement is a clear signal that Casper, an online startup that launched in 2014, believes a physical presence is still a crucial part of retail.Casper has recently rolled out 19 pop-up stores in markets like New York and San Francisco, and Krim said they are beating expectations, convincing the company to expand deeper."The presence of physical stores increases both offline as well as online sales," said Barbara Kahn, a marketing professor at Wharton.A permanent store footing will help Casper build loyalty with current customers, gain exposure among new shoppers, and increase impulse buys that can only come from browsing physical locations, she said.In addition, people usually want to try out mattresses and bedding before they make a final purchase, and stores will give Casper another way to appeal to them.The plan marks a new front for Casper, which broke into an industry controlled by brick-and-mortar retailers like Mattress Firm and Sleepy's.Casper distinguished itself by pricing the only mattress it sold at the time below its competitors, as well as offering free delivery and a 100-day trial period at home."Consumers have long gone into traditional mattress stores feeling uninformed and have been subject to ridiculous price points," said Bob Phibbs, CEO of the consultancy Retail Doctor.Casper offers just three varieties of mattresses, which gives it an advantage over rival mattress stores that offer a confusing array of soft, firm, foam, springy, and everything in between, Phibbs noted.Casper gained attention online with customers posting videos of themselves unboxing mattresses on social media, racking up 0 million in sales during its first full year.As it continued selling direct-to-consumer online, moving into bed frames, sheets, pillows, and dog mattresses, Casper partnered with retailers like Nordstrom, Target, and West Elm to increase distribution.Stores will help Casper stand out in a crowded mattress environment. Digital rivals such as Purple, Leesa, Tuft & Needle, and Yogabed have cropped up, while legacy retailers have taken a page from Casper, introducing delivery in a box."By opening stores, they are upping the ante to compete, and less well-funded competitors may be at a disadvantage," said Kahn.Amazon has also become a huge mattress player, increasing its sales in 2017 by 82% from the prior year, estimated research firm One Click Retail. Casper is only one of dozens of mattress brands Amazon sells.As Casper moves into brick-and-mortar territory, Mattress Firm is retrenching. Mattress Firm has closed 200 stores in 2018, according to Coresight Research, a retail think tank.Reuters reported this week that it was weighing a bankruptcy filing to close some of its 3,000 stores that were losing money.The company declined comment through a spokesperson.Casper is playing a different game than Mattress Firm, though.Online retailers like Casper and Warby Parker want stores to help it achieve scale advantages, while legacy retailers are trying to escape malls and invest in delivery and supply chains to survive online, said Jefferies analyst Randal Konik. 3489

CARLSBAD, California — A California says it lost thousands in a bank scam that started with a notice about fraudulent debit charges.Krystal, who did not want to share her last name, lives in Carlsbad with her husband and their dog, Otis. Her husband is in the Marines and was recently in dive school in Florida. During that time, he received a call from what they thought was a USAA representative.USAA is a financial institution that serves primarily military families.“They told him there were fraudulent charges on his debit card and if they weren’t from him, that they’ll cancel the card and give him a new one and it will be sent to him,” Krystal said.She said it was from a USAA phone number.“They sent him a code through via text and had him repeat it,” Krystal said. “You could tell it was from USAA because there are previous text messages from USAA from other times they sent us the code,” Krystal said.Krystal said the caller said they needed to give her husband a new pin number and asked for the current one. In hindsight, it was a red flag, but at the time, he was busy evacuating from Hurricane Michael. The call sounded legitimate, even using the same song USAA uses when her husband was put on hold.“They had his debit card number. They mentioned me as a second account holder,” Krystal said.Before they knew it, their checking account was drained of more than ,800.“[I was] very angry, very heartbroken. Panicking,” Krystal said.Stephen Cobb with cybersecurity firm ESET said technology to make phone numbers look like a different one is increasingly used by crooks."A phone today is just a computer endpoint on a network and as such, its identity can be spoofed,” Cobb said.Krystal’s fraud claim was first denied by USAA, but she kept calling the bank, determined to get answers.“I finally got a hold of somebody in the financial crime department. She was very apologetic [and] said this isn’t the first time she’s heard of this today,” Krystal said.Krystal said she found her debit card was used in multiple transactions on the East Coast. The scammer has not been found.She was finally able to get a refund but has since switched banks. Now if she gets a call from a financial institution, she asks for a call back number to make sure it is real.“It makes me really angry and really sick. I feel really sick to my stomach about it. It makes me think of people that are veterans. What if their money was taken away?” Krystal said.On its website, USAA said this cybercriminal activity is on the rise. It reminds customers that it will never ask for any personal login information. 2609

CAMPO (CNS) - At least one person was fatally injured in a two-vehicle crash Friday evening on Route 94 in Campo, according to the California Highway Patrol.The crash took place on Route 94 -- Campo Road -- at the intersection with Sheridan Road about 7 p.m., the CHP reported.The person's name was withheld pending family notification. There's no word yet on the gender or age of the victim. No information on other injuries was immediately available.At least one dog was also injured in the crash, the CHP said. Three others were transported to a nearby hospital with injuries.Campo Road was temporarily closed at 9:55 p.m. for the crash and death investigation. The roadway was reopened about 11:05 p.m., the CHP said.Campo is a small town in the southeastern portion of San Diego County. 799

Cheaper, quicker, and easier. One COVID-19 testing rolling out in the fall looks to achieve all three and maybe even one day mail the tests straight to your home.“Involves just a nasal swab so not a nasopharyngeal swab, just around the rim of the inside of the nose rather than tickling the brain,” said Dr. Joseph Petrosino.The test costs and lets you know if you’ve got the coronavirus within 15 minutes.So far it’s reporting an accuracy rate in clinical labs of 97%.Dr. Petrosino, a molecular virologist with Baylor College of Medicine, took an independent look at the Binax Now ABBOT Rapid test rolling out in October.He says they’re reliable, easy to use, and less vulnerable to supply chain interruptions.“The test is just made out of cardboard and paper, it doesn’t rely on a lot of supply chain plastics or other needs that could potentially hold things up,” said Dr. Petrosino.However, antigen tests like these have been found to produce more false negatives than lab-based tests.Dr. Petrosino says the key is the affordability that would allow large numbers of people at schools and businesses to get tested more frequently, isolating potential outbreaks.“What’ll happen is you’ll have a band that appears if you’re positive as well as a band that relates to whether or not the test worked itself,” said Dr. Petrosino.There’s also a free app that works in conjunction with the test.It allows people to display their results in places where negative tests may eventually be needed for entry, such as schools, workplaces, or large events.Last week, President Donald Trump said the federal government will buy 150 million of the tests to distribute across the country.Fifty million are expected to be available to purchase in October, but folks interested will need to get them at a medical clinic, at least for now.“Currently, you can’t get this test directly, but in the future, you may be able to,” said Dr. Petrosino.This story was first published by Cameron Polom at KNXV in Phoenix, Arizona. 2015

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