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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As the world waits for a vaccine against the coronavirus, two San Diego biotechs are teaming up to develop a nasal spray using designer antibodies cloned from COVID-19 survivors.About 70 companies worldwide are working on therapies for COVID-19 using cloned antibodies, according to an estimate by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. A few of these treatments, known officially as monoclonal antibody therapies, have advanced to clinical trials.Most require an injection, but San Diego-based Diomics and its partner Active Motif, based in Carlsbad, are developing a once-a-day spray that could be easily self-administered.Early research suggests the coronavirus primarily enters the body through the nose. The spray, called Dioguard, is designed to coat the lining of the nasal cavity with cloned antibodies that are held in place for 24 hours or more using a proprietary polymer material developed by Diomics.Diomics CEO Anthony Zolezzi said he believes the spray “holds the key to allowing many aspects of life to resume until the day comes when there’s an effective vaccine in widespread use.”Diomics is also developing two tests for COVID-19 antibodies using its polymer beads, including a device that looks like a nicotine patch that is designed to monitor for infections for a week or more.RELATED: How a dot on your forearm could be the future sign of COVID immunityActive Motif is providing the cloned antibodies for the nasal spray. With a lab in Shanghai and other relationships in China, the Carlsbad company was able to clone antibodies from 11 Chinese survivors in February, before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.When the company started the cloning project, they thought the virus would probably disappear in three to six months, said Active Motif CEO Ted DeFrank. “Then people started realizing, no this is going to be with us for a while.”The plasma from the 11 Chinese patients contained thousands of antibodies, and scientists with Active Motif set about selecting the one that was most effective, dubbed 414-1. The company says it can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus particles with 98 percent effectiveness.Monoclonal antibodies have some similarities to convalescent plasma, which is a complex cocktail of antibodies and other immune molecules drawn from the blood of recovered patients. One of the key differences is that cloned antibodies can be mass produced in a lab.Cloned antibodies have been used in treatments for more than 30 years, primarily for cancer. One such treatment famously helped former U.S. President Jimmy Carter beat melanoma.But of the more than 100 monoclonal antibody therapies licensed for use, only seven are for communicable diseases, according to IAVI.Historically, the treatments have been expensive and difficult to produce, but Diomics said it’s targeting a price of about a spray for Dioguard, roughly per bottle.“We do not want to have huge profits from a pandemic, that’s just wrong,” Zolezzi said. “We’re going to price this as effectively as we can for the masses. We want to get this out to the masses.”Animal testing is about to begin and the companies said they hope to progress to human trials soon. Their goal is to release the spray in early 2021, when a vaccine may be on the market but not yet widely available.If the spray works, it could be adapted to other viruses to help fight future pandemics, Zolezzi said."That’s our real goal," Zolezzi said. "That we never get caught flat-footed like this time." 3526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — County public health officials have released guidance for celebrating Halloween this month, including recommendations for trick-or-treating and parties.The county is recommending that residents avoid traditional door-to-door trick-or-treating, "trunk-or-treating" where candy is offered from cars, or leaving bowls of candy for others at their door this Halloween due to the pandemic.For those who want to find a safe alternative to traditional trick-or-treating, the county recommends "one-way" trick-or-treating where residents leave individually wrapped goodies bags outside for families to grab while maintaining physical distance, such as at the end of the driveway or yard.Parents are also asked to consider giving away treats other than candy, such as stickers, pencils, or mini pumpkins that can be sanitized by parents before given to kids.There are several activities that are not allowed, according to the county, including:In-person gatherings, parties, and events with non-household members even if gatherings are outdoors because physical distancing will not be easy to maintain,Carnivals, petting zoos, festivals, and live entertainment are not allowed because of frequent interaction with high touch surfaces by children and participants, andAny gatherings already not allowed under current public health ordersHaunted houses are not recommended because of the potential for crowds in tight spaces and poor ventilation, making safety and social distancing a challenge.County officials recommend that San Diegans celebrate through:Online parties or costume contestsDrive-thru events and car paradesDecorating homes and yardsMovie nights within households or at drive-in theaters, andPumpkin patches where social distancing and increased hand hygiene is possibleThe county says that whichever way residents end up celebrating Halloween, it's important that they continue to wash and sanitize their hands often and thoroughly, avoid close contact with individuals that are not in the same household, wear a face covering, and stay home and away from others if sick.More Halloween safety resources are available on the county's website. 2175

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - As we continue to work through the pandemic, a couple of Carmel Valley kids are working to spread “some good news” for San Diegans. Brothers Zach and Asher Swazey are putting together their own newscasts.Its called “SGN San Diego.” The newscast is filled with good news.“You want to have something that will affect people in a positive way,” says 13-year-old Zach.The brothers are now working on episode two. They say it was a lot of work putting everything together.“It took us 2-3 weeks,” says ten-year-old Asher. “We went through multiple stages of editing. It took a little of time to make the script and film.”The boys say they were inspired to start SGN San Diego after watching actor and filmmaker John Krasinski on Youtube.The boys say their video is getting more views, but their headline is to make people feel good.“When you’re making a YouTube channel, it’s not about how many likes you get or how many subscribers, it’s how it affects people.”The brothers say their parents are also a big help. If you have any ideas for the boys to put in the newscast, you can send suggestions to somegoodnewssd@gmail.com. 1147

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As more San Diegans are working from home during the coronavirus outbreak, more pets are finding new families — but care extends past any quarantine orders.Helen Woodward Animal Center says the center has seen an uptick in adoptions, nearly doubling normal adoption rates at the center last weekend. Many of those new pet parents came from educational backgrounds."We met professors, teachers, and counselors who had all been asked to work remotely and suddenly had lots of hours in a quiet house," said Helen Woodward Animal Center Adoptions Services Manager Dora Dahlke. "Grad students, too, who were now doing on-line classes, were seeking the company of a new pet."RELATED: Helen Woodward launches 'critter cam' amid social distancingDahlke adds that working from home allows new pet parents to spend more time training their new family members.At Rancho Coastal Humane Society, adoptions are also up with half of people being serious and the other half looking "for something to do," according to John Van Zante with RCHS. RCHS temporarily closed on Friday.San Diego Humane Society says the center has seen an opposite effect, with adoptions down since February.RELATED: San Diego County libraries go digital to fight spread of coronavirus"Since the first week of February and through the first four days of this week, our adoption numbers have decreased significantly," Nina Thompson with SDHS said. "Of course, we wish this was not the case. Now more than ever the animals need our help, so we truly encourage the public to welcome a new family member into their home."But as Zante notes, welcoming a pet is not a two-week affair. Once schedules return to normal, that new family member will require the same care and attention."One lady asked me if she could come in and adopt a pet for two weeks then bring it back when she returns to work. Told her that probably wouldn't be good for her and definitely would not be a good idea for the pet," Zante said. "In two weeks the pet would have started to bond with her, then have its life turned upside down."RELATED: How to work out from home during San Diego's COVID-19 gym closureIn that instance, those who are looking for an animal fix can utilize other means. Helen Woodward has started a daily "critter cam" to live stream its animals and will offer educational programming.The San Diego Zoo also has several lives streams of animals in its parks and education online. 2455

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Behind the research board project that placed top 300 in the national broadcom master's STEM competition, is Scripps Ranch High's freshman, Agastya Sridharan. "It started when I was reading a Wall Street report saying google search results were bias and it was shocking to me."Agastya created a Google platform mock-up that surveyed people's perceptions on political candidates, based on search engine results. "I had a few political search results which were arranged in 5 different orders, one favoring a liberal, one favoring a conservative. Once I got the results back, I was shocked how much it changed people's perspectives by 30%."And it wasn't just his creativeness that got the judge's attention. He was also asked to answer two questions, one to offer a solution to the global wildfire issue. "You'd have a fleet of drones that'd detect fires with image processions and AI, that was my idea for solving the wildfires." His sharp responses then placed him in the top 30. "I just freaked out, it was incredible."Next month, Agastya will be competing in the final round as the contest goes virtual for the first time amid COVID-19. He said the most exciting takeaway so far, has been seeing others his age come up with real solutions that could change the world. "They've really tried to solve some of the problems pressing the world today. Like how to approach the problems our world face because we're going to be the ones inhibiting it, right?" 1482

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