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This year is the second in which the Monitoring the Future survey asked high schoolers about vaping specific substances: nicotine, marijuana or "just flavoring."Flavoring was the most commonly reported substance among eighth-graders at 15.1%, followed by nicotine at 10.9% and then marijuana at 4.4%.Tenth-graders reported identical rates for flavoring and nicotine, but 12.4% reported vaping marijuana. Among 12th-graders, 29.7% reported vaping nicotine, 25.7% flavoring and 13.1% marijuana."You're seeing right now that 30% of 12th-graders last year were exposed to nicotine," Volkow said."Another issue of concern is, these devices are very efficient at delivering drugs rapidly into your brain and, in so doing, deliver the drugs in ways that make them more addictive -- and so it's not just nicotine. Now we also know that they are using it for 9THC," or tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid chemical in marijuana, she said.Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a professor of pediatrics in Stanford University's Division of Adolescent Medicine, called this increase in vaping alarming but not surprising because of new products, such as those from popular e-cigarette maker Juul."However, since MTF doesn't appear to separate out vaping vs. Juuling in their survey, it is hard to know what the youth are using," Halpern-Felsher said of the new report."The overall decline or stabilization of other drug use is promising, although the increase in vaping marijuana is concerning," she said. "Clearly, youth drug prevention messages needs to go beyond conventional drugs and include all forms of nicotine and vaping."The overall increase in vaping in the survey appears to be consistent with data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showing a 78% increase in youth vaping between 2017 and 2018, said Dr. Pamela Ling, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, who works with the school's Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and was not involved with the new report.The Food and Drug Administration "has also recognized an 'epidemic' of youth vaping. The consistency of these data suggests this is a real problem," Ling said."While we see declines in cigarette smoking among youth, the increases in vaping may lead to overall rates of tobacco or nicotine use increasing. We also know from many longitudinal studies of youth that those who use e-cigarettes are about three times more likely to start smoking cigarettes," she said. "The increase in vaping goes against the trends for all other drugs and alcohol, which are declining. That's a problem."In historical context, "the absolute increases in the prevalence of nicotine vaping among 12th-graders and 10th-graders are the largest ever recorded by Monitoring the Future in the 44 years that it has continuously tracked dozens of substances," the authors of the report wrote in a letter to the editor Monday in the New England Journal of Medicine.Meanwhile, the traditional use of cigarettes remained at the lowest levels in the survey's history.Daily cigarette use was reported by 0.8% of eighth-graders, 1.8% of 10th-graders and 3.6% of 12th-graders in 2018, the survey showed. Lifetime cigarette use among 12th-graders went down from 26.6% in 2017 to 23.8% in 2018, and past-month use declined from 9.7% to 7.6%.In general, substances at historic low levels of use in 2018 were alcohol, cigarettes, heroin, prescription opioids, MDMA (ecstasy or Molly), methamphetamine, amphetamines, sedatives and ketamine, according to the report. 3539

Today we can see people smiling, something that has never happened in the last four years, he told CNN over the phone. "A bunch of people were laughing and hugging each other ... we never expected this kind of news." 216

They found a spot in Kearny Mesa, and like all of their restaurants, it has license plates on the walls. It also has a mural of late founder Mike "Boss Man" Hardin. 164

Traveling in the cold? – If you’re planning to travel through or into a colder climate make sure your tires are properly inflated for the cold weather. 151

This year, we saw technology platforms grapple with the role they play in the spread of misinformation. Critics blamed Facebook, in particular, pointing to the following: 170

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